Global perspectives and psychedelic poetics is what it says in the propaganda, which I assume is simply permission to rave about whatever comes to mind. Global perspectives. I guess what I could say about this, from a psychedelic perspective, the thing that is different for psychedelic people looking at the global dilemma that we're in and that continues to deepen around us is that it's, from my point of view, permission to hope rather than despair, because I think that processes, institutions that for a thousand years or more have been building toward some kind of cemetery break, some kind of definitive, self-revealing moment, that we now are turning final, as pilots say. We're now deeply embedded in the pattern. We can see enough of what's ahead of us to begin to actually feel the texture of the end of human history. It's no longer an abstraction. Even the straight people who own the world, with their long-term and short-term projections, looking at population growth, spread of greenhouse gases, disappearance of the ozone hole, rising third world expectations, so forth and so on, when you propagate all these trends, it seems very clear that business as usual is no longer an option. Nobody's talking about that. So, we're either in some kind of final, fatal meltdown of the values of Western civilization revealed now after a thousand or two thousand year run to essentially be bankrupt, or we're going to transform ourselves unrecognizably. There really isn't any middle ground. The most radical and least likely future of all, it seems to me, is a future in which we continue just to stumble forward, as we have been since the Industrial Revolution. That's no longer an option. And so then the question becomes a sort of a Gnostic conundrum. Is this the final act of some kind of great cosmic tragedy in which intelligence rises out of the slime, is shown to be inadequate and sinks back into the slime? Or is this a tale of difficulty overcome and heroism won? And are we going to be able to shed the monkey nature and shed the ego and actually move up to some kind of shining ideal? You know, if you think of us as the descendants of the angels, this is a pretty tatty circumstance we've come to rest in. On the other hand, if you think of us as the descendants of shithurling apes screeching through the treetops, then it's pretty amazing what has been accomplished here. You know, one of the dilemmas that I feel very strongly, and I'm just sort of talking off the top of my head here, because whenever a crowd is small enough, I sort of feel like I'm in my own living room. We don't have to have the pretense of knowing lecturer and, you know, eager-to-be-educated audience. The real challenge, I think, is trying to decide what is baggage and what is ballast that's going to have to be dumped. Can the future be a celebration of humanness as we have known it, meaning in the animal body with all its, you know, joys and pains, with all its frailty and potential for ecstasy, or is what we call human nature somehow transcendental? And did we only rest for a moment in the monkey body as once the cutting edge of evolution must have rested in the great reptiles and at some earlier phase in history rested in the fish and so on. Is consciousness something uniquely human? And must we keep the animal body with us? Is our destiny to become the gardener caretakers of a revivified earth? Or is the earth like a placenta of some sort that we have literally sucked all the nutrition and potential out of because we're on our way to some grander, higher domain of being? I don't have the answer to these kinds of questions. I feel it very poignantly. It's very poignantly focused in the psychedelic, in the experience of psychedelic plants and psychedelic shamanism because, you know, as any of you who have followed my ideas on this know, I've spent a lot of time in the Amazon basin with human populations that seem to have struck some kind of dynamic balance with the earth. And yet the paradox of that dynamic balance is that when you take the sacraments, the hallucinogenic plants of these people, you're propelled into worlds of science fiction-like strangeness, transcendental dimensions of titanic implication. And then, at least I personally, have come to the realization that this is how those cultures have chosen to deal with the Faustian impulse in human beings. It's been somehow confined in the domain of the imagination. We, meaning we who trace our ancestry back to Europe, are part of a different style, a different strain of human being, if you will. We are the idea excretors, not satisfied to have a canoe, a net, five fish hooks, and a bowl, but instead we take matter, we, Western civilization, Western technology, and we impress upon matter ideas, millions of ideas, cities like Manhattan, high performance weaponry, enormous works of art. All of this is a kind of impulse, very strong in Western human beings to bring the ideas out of the domain of mind and to somehow solidify them in matter. Permanence. The cult of the West is permanence. I always feel that when you can find the obsessive center of a society, you probably have put your finger on its central neurosis as well. I remember when I spent time in India. India is rife with talk of Shakti. Shakti is energy conceived of in various ways. It can be sexual energy or it can actually be electricity flowing through wires, it's called Shakti. And I realized being in India that the Indian obsession with Shakti was a consequence of there not being any. That this was a society where energy had become the hardest commodity to encounter. And I think in the West, permanence is the thing, is our great bugaboo because we are born into the realization that everything is slipping through our fingers at the very moment that it comes into existence. The hardest psychedelic truth to assimilate, and you don't have to take psychedelics to assimilate this, if you just live, this will be hammered in on you again and again. And it's not to, well, it's a cause for exaltation, it's a cause for despair. It's that nothing lasts. Nothing lasts. You know, not your fortune, not your misfortune, not your lovers, your enemies, your children, ultimately not even your own life and body. Everything fades. And so the Western response to this is the attempt to create something permanent. Civilizations, enduring ideas, enduring institutions. All this is doomed to failure. And I see this Western obsession with the cult of permanence as a consequence of the Western obsession with ego. Ego, to my mind, is the very thing, if you had to somehow meld each problem into the next problem to try and reduce all problems to one, what you would eventually come to is the realization that ego is what is destroying us. Our inability to displace our loyalty away from the unique locus of space and time represented by our own bodies. You know, community, communalism, these are the things that we fear, that we repress, and that we, at the same time, struggle to realize. I mean, the collapse of communism on one level was the collapse of a repressive, nightmarish, paranoid social system. But the dream which lay behind that was a dream of community, of unity, of sisterhood and brotherhood. And the great concern now is that with the collapse of even a pretense of that position that we are further fragmented, further atomized into individual competing microbes of greed and need. And this is precisely the attitudes which will push us ever closer to species extinction and to global ruin. Well, when you look at thousands and thousands of psychedelic experiences, you, to my mind, what you come away with is the notion that, you know, no matter who you are, Amazonian shaman, Hasidic rabbi, nuclear physicist, the psychedelic will dissolve boundaries. It will dissolve your boundaries and force you to realize the commonality of the flesh. You know, it's a startling thing to realize that really what you represent is nothing more than a point of view and that we each are such a point of view, triangulating perception through what is essentially simply a nexus of our past history. We always are talking about the past and the future, but it's worth noticing that we all managed to get here this morning, this place, this time, and not one of us has the same past as any other of us. This moment, like any moment, is not a confluence of the past, it is a confluence of many pasts, and these many pasts come into a nexus of connection and then move on to become many, many futures. The reason I'm so interested in the psychedelic potential and willing to speak about it is because I think that our, the myth of our separateness, which was the glory of our institutional accomplishments, parliamentary democracy, individual rights, liberation of various classes and so forth, has now turned somewhat sour. There has got to be something more to it than just turning people loose to loot the planet so that everyone can pile up more and more stuff, stuff which doesn't satisfy anyway. And I think in talking about the future, what we have to somehow do is dematerialize the future. And there are several ways or many ways to do this. People have preached voluntary simplicity and some people are into this. However, it's hypocritical to preach this in the third world to people who have nothing. You know, we have everything so we've seen the fallacy of condominiums and mercedes so then we preach this in Bangladesh. This is a bit disingenuous. The dematerializing of culture. Somehow, you see, what we have to recognize in the wake of the collapse of communism is that capitalism as well is a system with a fatal flaw that is set against human nature. capitalism assumes an endlessly exploitable frontier of resources. This we have got. Not. So, capitalism is now essentially, unless it can be radically retooled, an anti-human philosophy. It's literally chewing up the ground we're standing on. But there is nothing in the basic notion of capitalism that says that we have to be thing dealers. This is simply the style of capitalism that we have fallen into. Somehow, we have to dematerialize existence. And I don't know whether that means virtual reality. Some of you have heard me say that my vision of a perfect future is, you know, 25% of the present world population living in ecological balance, living in an apparently primitive, naked, aboriginal state. But when you step into the minds of those people and look behind their closed eyelids, there are menus hanging in bio-tele- electronic space. Culture, you see, can be downloaded into a chip installed behind the eyelids so that it is, you know, freely commandable as an experience in the imagination. But if we insist on continually extracting resources from the earth and fashioning our dreams out of the stuff of earth, then our dreams are destined to turn to nightmare. It can't be any other way. So that's one thing about the future. The future needs to be dematerialized. And then, you know, since people always accuse me of being a harebrained dreamer, I've tried to come up with something approaching a practical suggestion, question, and I took this need to the feet of the mushroom gods, having been challenged by somebody at a talk like this, they said, well, you're always saying these mushrooms speak, why don't you ask them how to save the world? And I thought this was kind of disingenuous, but the next time I had the telephone to hyperspace in my hot hand, I did make the inquiry, and the suggestion which came back, I think, is at least food for thought. The suggestion was, you want to save the world? You want to overcome male dominance, the momentum of consumerism, so forth and so on? every woman should bear only one natural child. This is an interesting idea, whether you take it seriously as program or not. If every woman were to commit herself to bearing only one natural child, the population of the earth would fall by 50% in 40 years without war or famine or epidemic disease. If this program were continued for another 40 years, the population would fall by half again. This means in 80 years, the population of the planet could be reduced 75%. Why have we not heard anything about this? Even for it to be denounced, I'm not saying it has to be embraced, but why isn't it a tiny fanatical minority advocating this? I think it's because it's inconceivable in this society to try and practice capitalism in a situation of retreating demographics. It also would be a solution which would place enormous power in the hands of women. Women are often heard to complain about their powerlessness. Yet here's a plan which requires very little input from white guys. I took this idea to demographers and said what about it? This seems so simple. Most people think there are no solutions. Here's a very simple solution. What about it? They said yes, well it's more startling than you realize because women in upper class, high tech, western society, a woman say on the upper east side of Manhattan or Malibu or the Seacliff district of San Francisco, a child born to that woman will have 800 to 1,000 times more negative impact on the earth than a child born to a woman in Bangladesh. If you were to go to Bangladesh and meet a woman in the back streets of Dhaka who told you that her ambition in life was to have 900 children you'd think you were dealing with some kind of sociopath a kind of typhoid Mary of the demographic scene and yet every child born into moderately well-off yuppie families in high-tech societies is in that position we prefer not to think of it this way I think it's very interesting that one could make a case to women in western societies you could say how would you like vastly increased leisure time how would you like increased disposable income and how would you like to take upon yourself a truly heroic social role this is what's being offered with this suggestion to limit reproduction to one natural child no more heroic no more politically correct action can be taken and interestingly the women you want to convince of this position are the women you are most likely to be able to convince educated white women with above average incomes so that's a very practical suggestion more likely to be implemented than my dream of lunar inoculations with psilocybin for the entire population to dissolve the calcareous ego formations that have sprung up in the bloodstream since the last full moon which I also think would be a fine idea global perspectives and psychedelic poetics is what it says in the propaganda which I assume is simply permission to rave about whatever comes to mind global perspectives I guess what I could say about this from a psychedelic perspective the thing that is different for psychedelic people looking at the global dilemma that we're in and that increases that continues to deepen around us is that it's from my point of view permission to hope rather than years or more have been building toward some kind of symmetry break some kind of definitive self-revealing moment that we now are turning final as pilots say we're now deeply embedded in the pattern we can see enough of what's ahead of us to begin to actually feel the texture of the end of human history it's no longer an abstraction even the straight people who own the world with their long term and short term projections looking at population growth spread of greenhouse gases disappearance of the ozone whole rising third world expectations so forth and so on when you propagate all these trends it seems very clear that business as usual is no longer an option nobody's talking about that so we're either in some kind of final fatal meltdown of the values of western civilization revealed now after a thousand or two thousand year run to essentially be bankrupt or we're going to transform ourselves unrecognizably there really isn't any middle ground the most radical and least likely future of all it seems to me is a future in which we continue just to stumble forward as we have been since the industrial revolution that's no longer an option and so then the question becomes a sort of a gnostic conundrum is this the final act of some kind of great cosmic tragedy in which intelligence rises out of the slime is shown to be inadequate and sinks back into the slime or is this you know a tale of difficulty overcome and heroism won and are we going to be able to shed the monkey nature and shed the ego and actually move up to some kind of shining ideal you know it's a if you think of us as the descendants of the angels this is a pretty tatty circumstance we've come to rest in on the other hand if you think of us as the descendants of shit hurling apes screeching through the treetops then it's pretty amazing what has been accomplished here you know one of the dilemmas that I feel very strongly and I'm just sort of talking off the top of my head here because whenever a crowd is small enough I sort of feel like I'm in my own living room we don't have to have the pretense of knowing lecturer and you know eager to be educated audience the real challenge I think is trying to decide what is baggage and what is ballast that's going to have to be dumped can the future be a celebration of humanness as we have known it meaning in the animal body with all its you know joys and pains with all its frailty and potential for ecstasy or is what we call human nature somehow transcendental and did we only rest for a moment in the monkey body as once the cutting edge of evolution must have rested in the great reptiles and at some earlier phase in history rested in the fish and so on is consciousness something uniquely human and must we keep the animal body with us is our destiny to become the gardener caretakers of a revivified earth or is the earth like a placenta of some sort that we have literally sucked all the nutrition and potential out of because we're on our way to some grander higher domain of being I don't have the answer to these kinds of questions I feel it very poignantly it's very poignantly focused in the psychedelic in the experience of psychedelic plants and psychedelic shamanism because you know as any of you have followed my ideas on this know I've spent a lot of time in the Amazon basin with human populations that seem to have struck some kind of dynamic balance with the earth and yet the paradox of that dynamic balance is that when you take the sacraments the hallucinogenic plants of these people you're propelled into worlds of science fiction like strangeness transcendental dimensions of titanic implication and then at least I personally have come to the realization that this is how those cultures have chosen to deal with the Faustian impulse in human beings it's been somehow confined in the domain of the imagination we meaning we who trace our ancestry back to Europe are part of a different style a different strain of human being if you will we are the idea excretors not satisfied to have a canoe a net five fish hooks and a bowl to have a little in the way to have a to have a little time to have a little but instead we take matter we Western civilization Western technology and we impress upon matter ideas millions of ideas cities like Manhattan of high performance weaponry enormous works of art all of this is a kind of impulse very strong in Western human beings to bring the ideas out of the domain of mind and to somehow solidify them in matter permanence the cult of the West is permanence I always feel that when you can find the obsessive center of a society you probably have put your finger on its on its central neurosis as well I remember when I spent time in India India's rife with talk of Shakti Shakti is energy conceived of in various ways it can be sexual energy or it can actually be electricity flowing through wires is called Shakti and I realized being in India that the Indian obsession with Shakti was a consequence of there not being any that this was a society where energy had become the hardest commodity to encounter and I think in the West permanence is the thing is our great bugaboo because we are born into the realization that everything is slipping through our fingers at the very moment that it comes into existence the hardest psychedelic truth to assimilate and you don't have to take psychedelics to assimilate this if you just live this will be hammered in on you again and again and it's not to well it's a cause for exaltation it's a cause for despair it's that nothing lasts nothing lasts you know not your fortune not your misfortune not your lovers your enemies your children ultimately not even your own life and body everything fades and so the Western response to this is the attempt to create something permanent civilizations enduring ideas enduring institutions all this is doomed to failure and I see this Western obsession with the cult of permanence as a consequence of the Western obsession with ego ego to my mind is the very thing if you had to somehow meld each problem into the next problem to try and reduce all problems to one what you would eventually come to is the realization that ego is what is destroying us our inability to displace our loyalty away from the unique locus of space and time represented by our own bodies you know community communalism these are the things that we fear that we repress and that we at the same time struggle to realize I mean the collapse of communism on one level was the collapse of a repressive nightmarish paranoid social system but the dream which lay behind that was a dream of community of unity of sisterhood and brotherhood and the great concern now is that with the collapse of even a pretense of that position that we are further fragmented further atomized into individual competing microbes of greed and need and this is precisely the attitudes which will push us ever closer to species extinction and to global ruin well when you look at thousands and thousands of psychedelic experiences you to my mind what you come away with is the notion that you know no matter who you are Amazonian shaman Hasidic rabbi nuclear physicist the psychedelic will dissolve boundaries it will dissolve your boundaries and force you to realize the commonality of the flesh you know it's a startling thing to realize that really what you represent is nothing more than a point of view and that we each are such a point of view triangulating perception through what is essentially simply a nexus of our past history we always are talking about the past and the future but it's worth noticing that we all managed to get here this morning this place this time and not one of us has the same past as any other of us this moment like any moment is not a confluence of the past it is a confluence of many pasts and these many pasts come into a nexus of connection and then move on to become many many futures the reason I'm so interested in the psychedelic potential and willing to speak about it is because I think that are the myth of our separateness which was the glory of our institutional accomplishments parliamentary democracy individual rights of liberation of various classes and so forth has now turned somewhat sour there has got to be something more to it than just turning people loose to loot the planet so that everyone can pile up more and more stuff stuff stuff which doesn't satisfy anyway and I think in talking about the future what we have to somehow do is dematerialize the future and there are several ways or many ways to do this people have preached voluntary simplicity and some people are into this however it's hypocritical to preach this in the third world to people who have nothing you know we have everything so we've seen the fallacy of condominiums and mercedes so then we preach this in Bangladesh this is a bit disingenuous the dematerializing of culture somehow you see what we have to recognize in the wake of the collapse of communism is that capitalism as well is a system with a fatal flaw that is set against human nature capitalism assumes an endlessly exploitable frontier of resources this we have got not so capitalism is now essentially unless it can be radically retooled an end anti-human philosophy it's literally chewing up the ground we're standing on but there is nothing in the um the basic notion of capitalism that says that we have to be thing dealers this is simply the style of capitalism that we have fallen into somehow we have to dematerialize existence and I don't know whether that means virtual reality some of you have heard me say that my vision of a perfect future is you know 25 percent of the present world population living in ecological balance living in an apparently primitive naked aboriginal state but when you step into the minds of those people and look behind their closed eyelids there are menus hanging hanging in bio tele electronic space culture you see can be downloaded into a chip installed behind the eyelids so that it is you know freely commandable as an experience in the imagination but if we insist on continually extracting resources from the earth and fashioning our dreams out of the stuff of earth then our dreams are destined to turn to nightmare it can't be any other way so that's one thing about the future the future needs to be de materialized uh and then you know since people always accuse me of being a harebrained dreamer i've tried to come up with something approaching a practical suggestion and i i i took this need to the future of the future of the future of the future of the future of the future of the future that we have to be thing about the future the future needs to be dematerialized and then you know since people always accuse me of being a harebrained dreamer I've tried to come up with something approaching a practical suggestion and I I took this need to the feet of the mushroom gods being having been challenged by somebody at a talk like this they said well you're always saying these mushrooms speak why don't you ask them how to save the world and I thought this was kind of disingenuous but the next time I I had the telephone to hyperspace in my hot hand I did make the inquiry and the suggestion which came back I think is at least food for thought the suggestion was you want to save the world you want to overcome male dominance the momentum of consumerism so forth and so on every woman should bear only one natural child this is an interesting idea whether you take it seriously as program or not if every woman were to commit herself to bearing only one natural child the population of the earth would fall by 50 percent in 40 years without war or famine or epidemic disease if this program were continued for another 40 years the population would fall by half again this means in 80 years the population of the planet could be reduced 75 percent why have we not heard anything about this even for it to be denounced I'm not saying it has to be embraced but why isn't it a tiny fanatical minority advocating this I think it's because it's inconceivable in this society to try and practice capitalism in a situation of retreating demographics it also would be a solution which would place enormous power in the hands of women women are often heard to complain about their powerlessness yet here's a plan which requires very little input from white guys I took this idea to demographers and said what about it this seems so simple most people think there are no solutions here is a very simple solution what about it and they said yes well it's more startling than you realize because women in upper-class high-tech Western society a woman say on the Upper East Side of Manhattan or Malibu or the sea cliff district of San Francisco a child born to that woman will have eight hundred to a thousand times more negative impact on the earth than a child born to a woman in Bangladesh if you were to go to Bangladesh and meet a woman in the back streets of DACA who told you that her ambition in life was to have 900 children you'd think you were dealing with some kind of sociopath the kind of a kind of typhoid Mary of the demographic scene and yet every child born into moderately well off yuppie families in high tech societies is in that position we prefer not to think of it this way I think it's very interesting that one could make a case to women in Western societies you could say how would you like vastly increased leisure time how would you like increased disposable income and how would you like increased disposable income and how would you like and how would you like to take upon yourself a truly heroic social role this is what's being offered with this suggestion to limit reproduction to one natural child no more heroic no more politically correct action can be taken and interestingly the women you want to convince of this position I'm not to convince educated white women with above average incomes so that's a very practical suggestion more likely to be implemented than my dream of a lunar inoculations with psilocybin for the entire population to dissolve the calcareous ego formations that have sprung up in the bloodstream since the last full moon which I also think would be a fine idea you see boundary dissolution is what is needed here boundary dissolution of all type our separateness is an illusion there is a kind of human bedrock that's why I think that the world sweep toward democracy is far more than simply a political trend democracy is not exactly a style of government per se or exclusively democracy is something is a biological institution of some sort because there is no theory there is no abstraction there is no ideology I mean democracy is as close as you can get any theory theory of organization at all you know I wrote a book which is around and about called the archaic revival and that's why my belief in the archaic revival is what brings me out to events like this I mean I think the term new age and some of these other terms are pretty trivializing and basically designed by the mavens of marketing to draw you in but there is an impulse throughout the 20th century in Freudianism in abstract expressionism in Dada psychotherapy sexual permissiveness psychedelic experimentation jazz rock and roll these are all facets of an impulse toward the archaic toward the primitive the non-straight the anti bow tie world created created by the fine ladies and gentlemen of the 19th century with their Christ or ethics and their long dresses and all of that business there is an impulse toward the archaic this is very healthy this is what happens when a society seeks to revivify itself when the medieval world exploded in the face of the italian city states and the new classes that were emerging they reinvented classicism it was actually the second time classicism had been rediscovered it was also trotted out by the Arabs in the ninth century when they needed a stabilizing metaphor for the umayyad caliphate and those civilizations now in the 20th century we can't go back to ancient Greece and Rome or Babylon and in a sense the new age I think is an effort to go back to a kind of a minoan slash Egyptian world which never existed except perhaps in the minds of certain menopausal theosophists but but the impulse is the impulse is laudable however screwy the results uh but I think we have to reach further back that all of history is what our urtext the bible tells us it is it's a confusion a kind of punishment a wandering in the wilderness and that where we really want to be is naked singing in the rainforest stoned and exalted one with the souls of the ancestors one with the Gaian spirit of the planet and I don't mean to imply that psychedelics are simply act negatively dissolving ego dissolving social constructs dissolving programming and neurosis that's all true but what is left when all this dissolving has taken place is not simply a tabla rasa a clean slate what is left is um what we forgot what we have been so long away from which is a connection into the reality of the Gaian mind the great news that all shamanism can attest to and is built on is the news that there is a sentient minded caring entity that surrounds and holds the planet in its hands in its heart and beyond comprehending I mean call it Gaia call it God call it the spirit of nature it doesn't matter what you call it it transcends the rational apprehension of higher primates and yet it is there we know that our own peculiar form of self-reflection emerged in just a couple of million years out of animal organization well what we don't know is how many other forms of mind there are possible and how many times in the two billion year history of life on this planet intelligence has been able to shed the dark chrysalis of matter and launch itself into nearby dimensions in which it finds completion and happiness uh and I think that this is the great news that informs the shamanic religions that we are not alone and that the other that we can make our way toward is not you know a galactarian intelligence from beta reticuli that is part machine symbiote part banana slug or something like that that the the coherent minded entity that we make our way toward is actually a reflection of what is best in our hearts that we carry in ourselves the seed of this thing and that we are like the the the guy in the story of the prodigal son we have fallen into history and out of this misfortune out of this experience we can make gold if we return to the world if we return to the fold of the ancestors if we can somehow take what we've learned from history and fold it back into the experience of being truly human and this is the challenge and it faces us on the political level of issues such as you know all kinds of community issues such as racism and sexism and classism these are community issues and then issues between the human community and the planet our inability you see to emotionally connect with the consequences of what we're doing I mean we as a species present a perfect picture of pathology because what real psychotic behavior is is behavior that one cannot emotionally connect with the consequences of what we're doing because what real psychotic behavior is is behavior that one cannot emotionally connect with the consequences of what is being done and when you realize that we are literally uh looting the cradle of future human life that we have decided that we are not simply transient occupiers of this domain but that it is ours to trash to use up to do with as we wish leaving nothing for the future then you realize the depth of our need for immediate and immediate and widespread therapeutic indeed pharmacological intervention on our state of mind because we have wandered from anything like real human values and the reason psychedelics are so threatening in this society is because they immediately throw into high relief the internal contradictions of the dominator style of of doing business and this is what must happen the momentum toward catastrophe built up over centuries is immense the only antidote to that that I have seen extrapolating from what I've seen it do to single individuals are the shamanic hallucinogens because when you cut right to the bone what has to happen is we must change our minds if we don't change our minds we're going to go down with this self-generated titanic called Western civilization and we have the power to change our minds but it won't come from hortatory preaching if that would work then we would have turned the bend at the sermon on the mount but as it is I think we turned the band of sometime in the 20th century either when Albert Hoffman invented LSD or Gordon Watson found the mushrooms of Oaxaca or Richard Schulte's brought back news of ayahuasca from the Amazon basin you see we have to humble ourselves we have to give up the titanic ego driven idea that we can do it by ourselves as religions and yogans and all that beady-eyed crowd are into promising the first step on the path of self real self-term transformation is the admission that you must humble yourself so thoroughly that you need to form a pact with an organism that begins its life in a mound of manure you know it's a true alchemical journey you return to the dross and out of the that which everyone has rejected literally the compost of being you find the jewel and the jewel can be grown cultivated brought to fruition internalized globalized shared to create a transforming option that does honor to a human experiment that has been going on far too many millennia for us to fumble the golden opportunity away is there anybody who's burning with their own agenda that oh here's a burning person yes I had a experience about three years ago now maybe four years ago I was on a hallucinogenic and I had a feeling that I was talking to some people and they were telling me that when we leave this planet we become stars I'm just wondering what have you got any more on the outer space connection well I mean I think you know I mean it's funny for me to be talking at a place like this because my I am actually a rationalist it's simply that I my experience has been very very peculiar and I thank God for it because I think most rationalist actually live lives which reinforce their rationalism maybe because they don't poke around enough in the edges of things I mean you know we have orthodox ideology I don't know what it is now free markets democracy and physics or something and then you press out a little bit to the fringes and you discover that reality is not only not as you supposed it to be but it's not like anybody supposed it to be the maps we have are largely based on conjecture and naive hope the hope that there's nobody hiding in the woods the hope that there's nobody waiting behind me waiting behind the hill when I first started taking psychedelics it all ran pretty much according to Hoyle LSD it seemed like a tremendous tool for insight into the structure of the personality kind of high-powered turbocharged self-directed psychotherapy you know and which is certainly useful illuminating the laws of the laws of physics or threaten the foundations of western science and philosophy what has interested me and become the focus of my personal life I guess are these tryptamine palycinogens DMT psilocybin and then ayahuasca which is a simply a strategy for making think insights insights insights into one's upbringing insights into the structure of philosophy or mathematics or something like that but what is hard to accept are you called them gibberish people I call them self transforming elf machines or tykes or fairies and to my mind this is this is confounding in the models of the psyche that we inherit from Freud and Jung it begins to look as though that you know the mind is not even in the brain there's some kind of extended landscape of possibility and I I speak as somebody who's been there who's seen this stuff but who doesn't I don't have an agenda I speak as a career is to get a whole bunch of people to march with me in there to check again because you know well I talk in the book I wrote for Bantam food of the gods about DMT because I think it's in a sense the the case where all the issues are most intensely brought together I think it's in a small understanding of a cultural and the idea that the brain is in the brain and stimulating and theлуian itself and I think it's something in a way that's kind of doing and aforging neural transmitter and dodgyness in the human brain it also is very fast acting it clears your system very quickly it clears your system very quickly not only clears your system but leaves no trace whatsoever you can't even that you have done some kind of substance a half hour after you do this stuff nevertheless the content of the experience itself is absolutely paradigm challenging and the chief reason is because there are these entities in there and on psilocybin you hear them they speak to you what you were describing it's almost as though this is some kind of a of a mandala of pharmacological approaches to the mystery and DMT lands you right in the center of the bullseye I mean 30 seconds after smoking DMT you confront these things which look like I mean it's very hard to force language into these dimensions and then bring it back but what they look like to me is self transforming self dribbling basketballs or something I mean they come bounding forward when you enter into the space there's a kind of a cheer you know who ray and suddenly you're there and this is not the cumulative effect of spirulina or hanging out at Findhorn or imbibing any of these ideologies which permit this kind of thing I mean I come out of you know Jean Genet and existentialism and Sartre I'm very much more mainstream down dreary Western approach these things do not require belief to sustain their existence you may doubt you may deny and yet there they are and they and it is not it's not some kind of neutral panorama like window shopping it's an encounter it's a situation in which you see them they see you and the the relationship between you and them is very rapidly evolving they seem to have been waiting and the impression I get is well it's not an impression I get it's what they say they say here you are again how wonderful it's not exactly in English you understand and they have you know they're not made of matter the questions you know what is the on toast of these things what is their exact ontological status and as far as I can tell they're made of language there they are not composed of DNA sinew tissue and blood they're composed of syntax they are like self-articulating sentences or language with that has no requirement for a speaker it is its own self-generating system of meaning and in you know the immediate impression you have is if you're a sane person is you know my god what is this and then is it okay am I number one am I still alive and you check through you know take a quick inventory breathing normal blood pressure normal heart normal but what you're seeing is a complete replacement of the ordinary world and these things which are not enough like elves gnomes and fairies it's almost as though you know you would look to folklore to to provide evidence for the existence of these things but the elves gnomes and fairies of folklore are a little too are a little too predictable a little too humanoid a little too disney-esque for what you're dealing with these things actually appear to be as alien a form of life as it would be possible for a human being to imagine and still cognize that it's alien intelligence at all and they are performing an extraordinary activity in that place which is they possess a language that can be seen with the eyes and this is fascinating to me I really think that there's something to be learned here this is what they want you to learn they they come forward they utter statements which remember you don't hear with your ear but which you see as condensed sculptural objects which are like Fabergé eggs or beautifully tooled machines of glass shell and crystal except these things are in motion they're opening up in front of you and they're they're pressing in there's a kind of frantic intensity to this kind of an encounter it's like a Bugs Bunny cartoon running backwards at twice normal speed I mean stuff is just flying all over and they're saying don't abandon yourself to amazement don't just go gaga with disbelief try and focus on what we're doing and then if you are able even moderately to focus on what they're doing what they're doing is they're offering you these objects and they're saying look at this look at this you see boundary dissolution is what is needed here boundary dissolution of all type our separateness is is an illusion there is a kind of human bedrock that's why I think that the world sweep toward democracy is far more than simply a political trend democracy is not exactly a style of government per se or exclusively democracy is something is a biological institution of some sort of some sort because there is no theory there is no abstraction there is no ideology I mean democracy is as close as you can get to anarchy and still have any theory of organization at all you know I wrote a book which is around and about called the archaic revival and that's why my belief in the archaic revival is what brings me out to events like this I mean I think the term new age and some of these other terms are pretty trivializing and basically designed by the mavens of marketing to draw you in but there is an impulse throughout the 20th century in Freudianism in abstract expressionism in Dada psychotherapy sexual permissiveness psychedelic experimentation jazz rock and roll these are all facets of an impulse toward the archaic toward the primitive the non straight the anti bow tie the wish to blow up the blow up the stayed world created by the fine ladies and gentlemen of the 19th century with their Christ or ethics and their long dresses and all of that business there is an impulse toward the archaic this is very healthy this is what happens when a society seeks to revivify itself when the medieval world exploded in the face of the Italian city states and the new classes that were emerging they reinvented classicism it was actually the second time classicism had been rediscovered it was also trotted out by the Arabs in the ninth century when they needed a stabilizing metaphor for the umayyad caliphate and those civilizations now in the 20th century we can't go back to ancient Greece and Rome or Babylon and in a in a sense the new age I think is an effort to go back to a kind of minoan slash Egyptian world which never existed except perhaps in the minds of certain menopausal theosophists but but the impulse is the impulse is laudable however screwy the results but I think we have to reach further back that all of history it's a confusion it's a confusion a kind of punishment a wandering in the wilderness and that where we really want to be is naked singing in the rain forest stoned and exalted one with the souls of the ancestors one with the Gaian spirit of the planet and I don't mean to imply that psychedelics are simply act negatively dissolving ego dissolving social constructs dissolving programming and neurosis that's all true but what is left when all this dissolving has taken place is not simply a tabla rasa a clean slate what is left is what we forgot what we have been so long away from which is a connection into the reality of the Gaian mind the great news that all shamanism can attest to and is built on is the news that there is a sentient minded caring entity that surrounds and holds the the planet in its hands in its heart and beyond comprehending I mean call it Gaia call it God call it the spirit of nature it doesn't matter what you call it it transcends the rational apprehension of higher primates and yet it is there we know that our own peculiar form of self reflection emerged in just a couple of million years out of animal organization what we don't know what we don't know what we don't know what we don't know is how many other forms of mind there are possible and how many times in the two billion year history of life on this planet intelligence has been able to shed the dark chrysalis of matter and launch itself into nearby dimensions in which it finds completion and happiness and I think that this is the great news that informs the shamanic religions that we are not alone and that the other that we can make our way toward is not you know a galactarian intelligence from beta reticuli that is part machine symbiote part banana slug or something like that that the the coherent minded entity that we make our way toward is part machine symbiote part banana slug or something like that that the the coherent is actually a reflection of what is best in our hearts that we carry in ourselves the seed of this thing and that we are like the the the the guy in the story of the prodigal son we have fallen into history and out of this misfortune out of this experience we can make gold if we return to the fold of the ancestors if we can somehow take what we've learned from history and fold it back into the experience of being truly human and this is the challenge and it faces us on the political level of issues such as you know all kinds of community issues such as racism and sexism and classism these are community issues and then issues between the human community and the planet our inability you see to emotionally connect with the consequences of what we're doing I mean we as a species present a perfect picture of pathology because what real psychotic behavior is is behavior that one cannot emotionally connect with the consequences of what is being done and when you realize that we are literally uh looting the cradle of future human life that we have decided that we are not simply transient occupiers of this domain but that it is ours to trash to use up to do with as we wish leaving nothing for the future then you realize the depth of our need for immediate and widespread uh therapeutic indeed pharmacological intervention on our state of mind because we have wandered from anything like real human values and the reason psychedelics are so threatening in this society is because they immediately throw into high relief the internal contradictions of the dominator style of doing business and this is what must happen the momentum toward catastrophe built up over centuries built up over centuries is immense is immense the only antidote to that that i have seen extrapolating from what i've seen it do to single individuals are the shamanic hallucinogens because when you cut right to the bone what has to happen is we must change our minds if we don't change our minds we're going to go down with this self-generated titanic titanic called western civilization and we have the power to change our minds but it won't come from hortatory preaching if that would work then we would have turned the bend at the sermon on the mount but as it is i think we turned the bend uh sometime in the 20th century either when albert hoffman invented lsd or gordon watson found the mushrooms of oaxaca or richard schulte's brought back news of ayahuasca from the amazon basin from the Amazon basin you see we have to humble ourselves we have to give up the titanic ego driven idea that we can do it by ourselves as religions and yogans and all that beady-eyed crowd are into promising the first step on the path of self real self transformation is the admission that you must humble yourself so thoroughly that you need to form a pact with an organism that begins its life in a mound of manure you know it's a true alchemical journey you return to the dross and out of that which everyone has rejected literally the compost of being you find the jewel and the jewel can be grown cultivated brought to fruition in internalized globalized shared to create a transforming option that does honor to a human experiment that has been going on far too many millennia for us to fumble the golden opportunity away is there anybody who's burning with their own agenda that you know here's a burning person yes I had a experience about three years ago now maybe four years ago right I was on a hallucinogenic and I had a feeling that I was talking to some people and they're telling me that when we leave this planet we become stars I'm just wondering what have you got any more on the outer space connection well I mean I think you know I mean it's funny for me to be talking at a at a place like this because my I am actually a rationalist it's simply that I my experience has been very very peculiar and I thank God for it because I think most rationalists actually live lives which reinforce their rationalism maybe because they don't poke around enough in the edges of things I mean you know we have orthodox ideology I don't know what it is now free markets democracy and physics or something and then you press out a little bit to the fringes and you discover that reality is not only not as you supposed it to be but it's not like anybody supposed it to be be the this the maps we have are largely based on conjecture and naive hope the hope that there's nobody hiding in the woods the hope that there's nobody waiting behind the hill when I first started taking psychedelics it all ran pretty much according to Hoyle LSD it seemed like a tremendous tool for insight into the structure of the personality kind of high-powered turbocharged self-directed psychotherapy you know and which is certainly useful illuminating but doesn't violate the laws of physics or threaten the foundations of Western science and philosophy what has interested me and become the focus of my personal life I guess are these tryptamine palycinogens DMT psilocybin and then ayahuasca which is a simply a strategy for making DMT orally active and you know one could accept I think insights into one's upbringing insights into the structure of philosophy or mathematics or something like that but what is hard to accept are you called them gibberish people I call them self-transforming elf machines or tykes or fairies and to my mind this is this is confounding this is no mere extension of the models of the psyche that we inherit from Freud and Jung it begins to look as though that you know the mind is not even in the brain there's some kind of extended landscape of possibility and I I speak as somebody who's been there who's seen this stuff but who doesn't I don't have an agenda I'm in a sense I'm sort of chicken shit because the motivation for my public career is to get a whole bunch of people to march with me in there to check again because you know well I talk in the book I wrote for Bantam food of the gods about DMT because I think it's in a sense the the the case where all the issues are most intensely brought together it's a naturally occurring neurotransmitter endogenous in the human brain it also is very fast acting it clears your system very quickly not only clears your system but leaves no trace whatsoever you can't even not feel that you have done some kind of substance a half hour after you do this stuff nevertheless the content of the experience itself is absolutely paradigm challenging and the chief reason is because there are these entities in there and on psilocybin you hear them they speak to you what you were describing it's almost as though this is some kind of a of a mandala of pharmacological approaches to the mystery and DMT lands you right in the center of the bullseye I mean 30 seconds after smoking DMT you confront these things which look like I mean it's very hard to force language into these dimensions and then bring it back but what they look like to me is self-transforming self-dribbling basketballs or something I mean they come bounding forward when you enter into the space there's a kind of a cheer you know who ray and suddenly you're there and this is not the cumulative effect of spirulina or hanging out at Findhorn or imbibing any of these ideologies which permit this kind of thing I mean I come out of of you know Jean Genet and existentialism and Sartre I'm very much more mainstream down dreary western approach these things do not require belief to sustain their existence you may doubt you may deny and yet there they are and they unlike it is not it's not some kind of neutral panorama like window shopping it's an encounter it's a situation in which you see them in which you see them they see you and the relationship between you and them is very rapidly evolving they seem to have been waiting and the impression I get is well it's not an impression I get it's what they say they say here you are again how wonderful it's not exactly in English you understand and they have you know they're not made of matter the question is you know what is the on toasts of these things what is their exact ontological status and as far as I can tell they're made of language there they are not composed of DNA sinew tissue and blood they're composed of syntax they are like self articulating sentences or language with that has no requirement for a speaker it is its own self generating system of meaning and in you know the immediate impression you have is if you're a sane person is you know my god what is this and then is it okay am I am I number one am I still alive and you check through you know take a quick inventory breathing normal blood pressure normal heart normal but what you're seeing is a complete replacement of the ordinary world and these things which are not enough like elves gnomes and fairies it's almost as though you know you would look to folklore to to provide evidence for the existence of these things but the elves gnomes and fairies of folklore are a little too predictable a little too humanoid a little too disney-esque for what you're dealing with these things actually appear to be as alien a form of life as it would be possible for a human being to imagine and still cognize that it's alien intelligence at all and they are performing an extraordinary activity in that place which is they possess a language that can be seen with the eyes and this is fascinating to me I really think that there's something to be learned here this is what they want you to learn this is what they want you to learn they come forward they utter statements which remember you don't hear with your ear but which you see as condensed sculptural objects which are like Fabergé eggs or beautifully tooled machines of glass shell and crystal except these things are in motion they're opening up in front of you and they're and there's a kind of frantic intensity to this kind of an encounter it's like a bug's bunny cartoon running backwards at twice normal speed I mean stuff is just flying all over and they're saying don't abandon yourself to amazement don't just go gaga with disbelief try and focus on what we're doing and then if you are able even moderately to focus on what they're doing as they're offering you these objects and they're saying look at this look at this as it is passed before you as you look into it you have a very strong and I believe genuine impression that this thing that you're being shown though it's no larger than a Kaiser role assumptions of this world that in other words if I could condense this thing into my hand right now I wouldn't have to convince you I wouldn't have to preach to you I could just show you say look at this and in the visual confrontation with this thing it's self-evident that this is impossible matter light they don't behave this way it's as though you have brought back a chunk of another dimension and and then what they're saying about these things is you can do this do what we are doing and then the urgency becomes almost strident they say do what we're doing do it now and you say wow and and and then you feel or I felt at any rate an upwelling in myself like a calling forth then out of my mouth comes language or at least syntax but without meaning some kind of glossolalia where the modality of language is preserved but the meaning is not and it's a kind of an ecstasy it sounds like gibberish in three dimensional space but in that space it seems to be the key to unlocking a world made out of syntax and meaning and I you know I come before you with all of this stuff unfinished this is not a teaching or a system or anything it's an eyewitness account of a hyper dimensional automobile accident or something we're not saying what the conclusions are we don't know what the conclusions are but this is big news and when I first encountered this kind of stuff I was I was a young art historian at the university of california and I assumed that any motif no matter how outre or bizarre you would be able to look at the painting folklore and sculpture of somebody on this planet and find a trace and it seemed as though this defeated that idea it was almost counter the idea of the collective unconscious because it argued that you Joe anybody Sally somebody can break through on your own an ordinary person to a place that Verrucchio never saw Michelangelo didn't anticipate it Yates didn't know Blake hadn't a clue Melville wasn't briefed and yet there it is you know and this is to me as an intellectual it was very confusing because I think as intellectuals we always assume that progress will be built on the on the on the on the on the shoulders of the giants that have preceded us the idea of something actually 100% brand new and unexpected is pretty daunting and and here it here it was 30 seconds away simply by the act of ingesting this natural neurotransmitter well those of you who've been there know exactly what I'm talking about those of you haven't been there I can't imagine how you can even sit through this kind of thing because you know it makes the folks from the Pleiades and all that other stuff out there seem mundane by comparison the other thing is we're not talking about camping out in cornfields night after freezing night with your eyes glued to the stars in one hope this is a no fail method for plunging deeper into these spiritual realms than the tantric yogas or the practitioners of x y or z dare scarcely suppose it's repeatable it's on demand it does not depend upon your state of moral purity or you know tantric accomplishment it's something that is our birthright as much as our sexuality our language our eyesight our appreciation of music it's a an innate human thing and you know to try and return to the premises of your question I tried to formulate theories about what could this be well the first impression that I had based on a reading of how weird this all was was this must be a parallel continuum Allah Philip K Dick and like that that just apparently over some kind of neurological energy barrier that's all all around us all the time these things are there and they are not made of matter so the laws of physics don't apply and you know like that and then and then I entertained different possibilities and I still entertain numerous possibilities I haven't got it figured out yet one possibility is that these things are actually human beings from the future I mean if you take the content of the experience seriously and say I am apparently in contact with diminutive English-speaking creatures of some sort well then they have got to be either intelligent beings from another part of the universe or humans from some extraordinarily advanced future world where human beings are now made of language and are only two and a half feet tall so I would put it rather far in the future or and I just simply offer this in the spirit of of intellectual completeness if you ask a shaman or what these things are they don't hesitate they just say oh well those are the ancestor spirits this is what it's all about is ancestor spirits well it takes a while for the implications of this to sink in they're talking about dead people that's what an ancestor spirit is they're suggesting that the dearly departed do not evanesce into sunlight or something cheerfully non-specific like that but that this actually is is simply one level of cosmic system of some sort where birth and death are transitions from level to level well this is just exactly the kind of thing that I'm intellectually set up to doubt and to feel a kind of scorn for because you know people have been running around since time immemorial claiming this sort of thing with an incredibly underwhelming body of evidence to back them up and yet if you try to approach the problem scientifically I think you would agree that in terms of likelihood although operating in this realm what this means I'm not sure but that in terms of likelihood it's more likely that these are human souls in in another dimension than that we are being contacted by friendly extraterrestrials or even that we share the earth with an invisible race of syntactical tribal elf legions of some sort but I think this conclusion is the one that we would tend to resist most strenuously I mean you eat very I think it's the most intellectually challenging position to take these of the western thinking to claim that we have to reopen the question of life after death in a serious way not the cheerful round of reincarnation that haunts some of the zanier offshoots of eastern religion but actually say you know you are going to die and when you die you know you are going to undergo a metamorphosis of some sort that is not particularly going to be designed to preserve your humanness what you call your humanness or to set you on a cloud with lyre and gown for the rest of eternity but that actually the greatest adventure the greatest adventures still lie ahead and these things uh intimations of immortality are vouchsafed by these plant hallucinogens why this should be why it should be possible to get a bring a look over the great divide i have no idea i think about these things constantly my life is mostly questions uh my friend rupert sheldrake who some of you may know his books he and i have talked about it he thinks that uh that that dot there is a chemistry of dying that in the same way that there is a chemistry of giving birth there is a chemistry of dying and that dmt parallels and anticipates this he calls it uh not a hallucinogen but a necroptic substance it actually show anticipates the death state itself i once had the fortunate opportunity of being able to turn a very prominent tibetan lama on to dmt a name that you would recognize although not one of the top five but a more wizened older stranger character and i you know he did it and i said so what about it you know these people these tibetan buddhists they have a pretty good map of the territory he said it's the lesser lights he said you can't go further than that without breaking the thread of return he said you know beyond this there's no returning and so you know in a very real sense it's a look over the edge but then you know even that doesn't solve all the mysteries i mean what is it about this wish to convey a language which is seen what's that all about is it that perhaps language has always been a gift from the other we don't it's a little hard to picture how the kind of language i'm using right now ever got started uh i mean notice that language is a behavior it's a behavior that's all it is it's something it's a complex activity having to do with small mouth noises and the neurological processing of same we must have been essentially as we are before language it's like break dancing or something like that um you're fully set up to do it and people have been for millennia but until somebody actually does it it only exists as a formal possibility in the organism and i wonder how many of these things there are i mean break dancing is an interesting example albeit somewhat trivial but it shows that after five six seven thousand years of civilization you can come up with a behavior that nobody has ever seen uh before i've i've spent a lot of time thinking about language and how what a limited tool it is and yet how our whole world is held together by nothing more than small mouth noises and it's incredible the entirety of global civilization is held together by small mouth noises and symbolic notations of same which have an even more rarefied level of abstraction our separateness our notion of self and world of self and species all rest on the carrying capacity of these small mouth noises one of the things that has interested me some of you have heard me talk about this is you know i think good psychedelic trips inspire a lot of homework which usually means reading in curious areas and i discovered that um octopi cephalopods which in case you're not up on your evolutionary biology these are mollusca they're not even vertebrates they're related to escargot and banana slugs i mean you can hardly imagine a form of life more alien to ourselves i mean you know we broke off from the other primates three million years ago but the invertebrates and the vertebrates separated from each other about 700 million years ago well uh an interesting thing going on with octopi most people have heard that they can change color and most people i think assume this means that like certain lizards and certain butterflies they camouflage themselves against their background that's not what's going on color and texture for octopi are the medium of language it's you could almost say that an octopus is a naked mind because as the octopus goes through certain internal changes hunger sexual need whatever color changes accompany these in shifts of internal state and appear on the surface of the octopus it is almost as though it wears its language like an overcoat it is clothed in its own meaning well obviously in that kind of situation you have always been suspended in an ambiance of language unlike ourselves where apparently language was invented one bright summer day or series of bright summer days and if you have a language such as we have small mouth noises with culturally assigned meaning in other words if i say where can i get a taxi if i don't say this to a person who speaks english it means nothing to a ukrainian or a chinese octopi don't have this problem there are not culturally localized languages there's only a language of the body the genes it's unambiguous you see even those of us in this room if you were to check uh our internal dictionaries are different we have only the assumption of one-to-one mapping of meaning i mean if i ask you uh where is the restroom this is fairly ambiguous unambiguous because it deals with ordinary situations but as soon as as soon as conversation leaves the main and well-trodden path of discourse ambiguity enters into a tremendous degree we overlook this as a courtesy to each other i mean you almost never hear one person say to another now would you explain to me what i just said the reason you don't hear this said very often is because the thin illusion of communication would break down completely uh if we actually demanded of our listeners that they repeat back to us the only situation in which that happens on a regular basis is the pedagogical mode where the teacher teaches and then by test and recitation determines that the pupil has understood but in polite discourse among adults we consider this an imposition if not an insult so uh somehow these creatures are elves of language catalysts for the concrescence of cognition and i don't know if these things can be understood after all we're embedded in the world created by our own meanings uh cd broad i think it was cd broad wrote a book called the meaning of meaning the mind and its place in nature uh probably these two should be read back to back just to see how positivists handle these kinds of problems the meaning of meaning is a real problem but it also tends to be solipsistic or tautological can we expect brain to give a full accounting of brain can we expect mind to give a full accounting of mind anybody who's studied logic for 10 minutes can tell you that that's impossible because it is tautological as it is passed before you as you look into it you have a very strong and i believe genuine impression that this thing that you're being shown though it's no larger than a kaiser role is somehow absolutely confounding to the principles and assumptions of this world that in other words if i could condense this thing into my hand right now i wouldn't have to convince you i wouldn't have to preach to you i could just show you say look at this and in the visual confrontation with this thing it's self-evident that this is impossible matter light that they don't behave this way it's as though you have brought back a chunk of another dimension and and then what they're saying about these things is uh you can do this do what we are doing and then the urgency becomes almost strident they say do what we're doing do it now and you say wow and and then you feel or i felt at any rate an upwelling in myself like a calling forth then out of my mouth comes language or at least syntax but without meaning some kind of glossolalia where the modality of language is preserved but the meaning is not and it's a kind of an ecstasy it sounds like gibberish in three-dimensional space but in that space it seems to be the key to unlocking a world made out of syntax and meaning and i you know i come before you with all of this stuff unfinished this is not a teaching or a system or in anything it's an eyewitness account of a hyperdimensional automobile accident or something we're not saying what the conclusions are we don't know what the conclusions are but this is big news and when i first encountered this kind of stuff i was in i was a young art historian at the university of california and i assumed that any motif no matter how altra or bizarre you would be able to look at the painting folklore and sculpture of somebody on this planet and find a a trace and it didn't it seemed as though this defeated that idea it was almost counter the idea of the collective unconscious because it argued that you joe anybody sally somebody can break through on your own an ordinary person to a place that verrucchio never saw michelangelo didn't anticipate it yates didn't know blake hadn't a clue melville wasn't briefed and yet there it is you know and this is a to me as an intellectual it was very confusing because i think as intellectuals we always assume that progress will be built on the on the shoulders of the giants that have preceded us the idea of something actually 100 percent brand new and unexpected is pretty daunting and and here it here it was 30 seconds away simply by the act of ingesting this natural neurotransmitter well those of you who've been there know exactly what i'm talking about those of you haven't been there i can't imagine how you can even sit through this kind of thing because you know it makes the folks from the pleiades and all that other stuff out there seem mundane by comparison the other thing is we're not talking about camping out in cornfields night after freezing night with your eyes glued to the stars in one hope this is a no-fail method for plunging deeper into these spiritual uh realms than the tantric yogas or the practitioners of x y or z dare scarcely suppose it's repeatable it's on demand it does not depend upon your state of moral purity or uh you know tantric accomplishment it's something that is our birthright as much as our sexuality our language our eyesight our appreciation of music it's an innate human thing and you know to try and return to the premises of your question i tried to formulate theories about what could this be well the first impression that i had based on a reading of how weird this all was was this must be a parallel continuum a la philip k dick and like that that just apparently over some kind of neurological energy barrier that's all around us all the time these things are there and they are not made of matter so the laws of physics don't apply and you know like that and then and then i entertained different possibilities and i still entertain numerous possibilities i haven't got it figured out yet one possibility is that these things are actually human beings from the future i mean if you take the content of the experience seriously and say i am apparently in contact with diminutive english-speaking creatures of some sort well then they have got to be either intelligent beings from another part of the universe or humans from uh some extraordinarily advanced future world where human beings are now made of language and are only two and a half feet tall so i would put it rather far in the future or and i just simply offer this in the spirit of uh of intellectual completeness uh if you ask a shaman or uh what these things are they don't hesitate they just say oh well those are the ancestor spirits this is what it's all about is ancestor spirits well it takes a while for the implications of this to sink in they're talking about dead people that's what an ancestor spirit is they're suggesting that the dearly departed do not evanesce into sunlight or something cheerfully non-specific like that but that this actually is uh simply one level of a cosmic system of some sort where birth and death are transitions from level to level well this is just exactly the kind of thing that i'm intellectually set up to doubt and to feel a kind of scorn for because you know people have been running around since time immemorial claiming this sort of thing with an incredibly underwhelming body of evidence to back them up and yet if you try to approach the problem scientifically i think you would agree that in terms of likelihood although operating in this realm what this means i'm not sure but that in terms of likelihood it's more likely that these are human souls in another dimension than that we are being contacted by friendly extraterrestrials or even that we share the earth with an invisible race of syntactical uh tribal elf uh legions of some sort but i think this conclusion is the one that we would tend to resist most strenuously i mean you eat very i think it's the most intellectually challenging position to take these of the western thinking to claim that we have to reopen the question of life after death in a serious way not the cheerful round of reincarnation that haunts some of the zanier offshoots of eastern religion but actually say you know you are going to die and when you die you know you are going to undergo a metamorphosis of some sort that is not particularly going to be designed to preserve your humanness what you call your humanness or to set you on a cloud with lyre and gown for the rest of eternity but that actually uh the greatest adventure the greatest adventures still lie ahead and these things uh intimations of immortality are vouchsafed by these plant hallucinogens why this should be why it should be possible to get a bring a look over the great divide i have no idea i think about these things constantly my life is mostly questions uh my friend rupert sheldrake who some of you may know his books he and i have talked about it he thinks that uh that that dot there is a chemistry of dying that in the same way that there is a chemistry of giving birth there is a chemistry of dying and that dmt parallels and anticipates this he calls it uh not a hallucinogen but a necroptic substance it actually show anticipates the death state itself i once had the fortunate opportunity of being able to turn a very prominent tibetan lama onto dmt a name that you would recognize although not one of the top five but a more wizened older stranger character and i you know he did it and i said so what about it you know these people these tibetan buddhists they have a pretty good map of the territory he said it's the lesser lights he said you can't go further than that without breaking the thread of return he said you know beyond this there's no returning and so you know in a very real sense it's a look over the edge but then you know even that doesn't solve all the mysteries i mean what is it about this wish to convey a language which is seen what's that all about is it that perhaps language has always been a gift from the other we don't it's a little hard to picture how the kind of language i'm using right now ever got started uh i mean notice that language is a behavior it's a behavior that's all it is it's something it's a complex activity having to do with small mouth noises and the neurological processing of same we must have been essentially as we are before language it's like break dancing or something like that you're fully set up to do it and people have been for millennia but until somebody actually does it it only exists as a formal possibility in the organism and i wonder how many of these things there are i mean break dancing is an interesting example albeit somewhat trivial but it shows that after five six seven thousand years of civilization you can come up with a behavior that nobody has ever seen uh before i've i've spent a lot of time thinking about language and how what a limited tool it is and yet how our whole world is held together by nothing more than small mouth noises and it's incredible the entirety of global civilization is held together by small mouth noises and symbolic notations of same which have an even more rarefied level of abstraction our separateness our notion of self and world of self and species all rest on the carrying capacity of these small mouth noises one of the things that has interested me some of you have heard me talk about this is you know i think good psychedelic trips inspire a lot of homework which usually means reading in curious areas and i discovered that um octopi cephalopods which in case you're not up on your evolutionary biology these are mollusca they're not even vertebrates they're related to escargot and banana slugs i mean you can hardly imagine a form of life more alien to ourselves i mean you know we broke off from the other primates three million years ago but the invertebrates and the vertebrates separated from each other about 700 million years ago well uh an interesting thing going on with octopi most people have heard that they can change color and most people i think assume this means that like certain lizards and certain butterflies they camouflage themselves against their background that's not what's going on color and texture for octopi are the um medium of language it's you could almost say that an octopus is a naked mind because uh as the octopus goes through certain internal changes hunger sexual need whatever uh color changes accompany these in shifts of internal state and appear on the surface of the octopus it is almost as though it wears its language like an overcoat it is clothed in its own meaning well obviously in that kind of situation you have always been suspended in an ambiance of language unlike ourselves where apparently language was invented one bright summer day or series of bright summer days and if you have a language such as we have small mouth noises with culturally assigned meaning in other words if I say where can I get a taxi if I don't say this to a person who speaks English it means nothing to a Ukrainian or a Chinese octopi don't have this problem there are not culturally localized languages there's only a language of the body the genes it's unambiguous you see even those of us in this room if you were to check our internal dictionaries are different we have only the assumption of one-to-one mapping of meaning I mean if I ask you where is the restroom this is fairly ambiguous unambiguous because it deals with ordinary situations but as soon as as soon as conversation leaves the main and well-trodden path of discourse ambiguity enters into a tremendous degree we overlook this as a courtesy to each other I mean you almost never hear one person say to another now would you explain to me what I just said the reason you don't hear this said very often is because the thin illusion of communication would break down completely if we actually demanded of our listeners that they repeat back to us the only situation in which that happens on a regular basis is the pedagogical mode where the teacher teaches and then by test and recitation determines that the pupil has understood but in polite discourse among adults we consider this an imposition if not an insult so somehow these creatures are elves of language catalysts for the concrescence of cognition and I don't know if these things can be understood after all we're embedded in the world created by our own meanings CD broad I think it was CD broad wrote a book called the meaning of meaning of meaning or no it was fh Bradley actually I think broad's book was called the mind and its place in nature probably these two should be read back to back just to see how positivists handle these kinds of problems the meaning of meaning is a real problem but it also tends to be solipsistic or tautological can we expect brain to give a full accounting of brain can we expect mind to give a full accounting of mind anybody who studied logic for 10 minutes can tell you that that's impossible because it is tautological William Blake used to say nothing is lost nothing is lost and this seems literally to be true it seems as though you know something once articulated a statement the reverberations are unto the last syllable of recorded time Somehow it's all there now when I said these things approached and spoke in English I didn't mean to make it sound as mundane as it might sound you know Greek religion was was characterized by what was called the logos in the Hellenistic period and the logos was an informing voice and all the great thinkers of Hellenistic times Plato, Socrates, Xenophon, Thucydides, all of these people were in contact with the logos it was the sine qua non of Hellenistic religion and it was a speaking and informing voice that tells you the right way to live well we don't know what to make of this and at a certain point in the evolution of the Western mind judging by the writings of people who were contemporaneous with those times the logos fell silent there was actually a date Some of you may know the story of the fishermen pulling their nets off the Isle of roads and they heard a voice from the sky say that great pan is dead and And this was at the change of the eon the beginning of the age of Aquarius It was almost as though there was something in the ancient world that has gone latent That we can no longer touch or imagine Gordon Wasson who discovered with his wife Valentina the mushrooms told a very interesting story In one of his books about how in Mazatec and the People who are speakers of Mazatec and when they chant what the mushroom says They have created a special form for this which goes like this the buzz the buzz the buzz the buzz Sir this word sir means says It's about about about about that says that that that that that says I Didn't know this at the time. I took mushrooms the second time and in my head I heard the mushroom speaking in English But adding the word says To the end of the sentence so it was almost like you know this thing could speak in Mazatec It could speak in English, but it always kept its cadence and its structure the other thing about psilocybin and the DMT thing is that it it Seems to be a catalyst for glossolalia This is why I think it must have had something to do with the evolution of language I mean when you take psilocybin you can fall Spontaneously into states of glossolalia sometimes on DMT. It's almost impossible To control it just spontaneously comes out. Yeah Oh, what is glossolalia glossolalia well here's an example of it then I'll define it Z ding quap maktiki pittech kveng hwadem molde rufnubuk henget It's it's language like activity in the absence of meaning and it's a very interesting thing Neurologically because notice that Speech ordinary speech is this highly variable stream of data We are set up to make these small mouth noises as a public speaker I'm very aware of the fact that one can speak without tiring almost longer than you can do any other major human motor activity and But the glossolalia such as I just did it is clearly under the control of rules but it is not there is no meaning conventionally conceived of there, but there is syntax and I think probably that language was invented millennia before meaning and that you could almost call glossol you could almost call language toneless singing and That people used to sit around the campfire and amuse each other by making funny noises as a kid I used to do this and then it was only much much later that anything approaching linguistic Conventionality was imposed on this and that that's a lower function the other thing. I want to say about this glossolalia thing is You may say well you're just making it up When I do that but really the experience I have when I do it is that I stand aside Then this variable data stream comes out through my mouth Well now it has to reflect something about me It's a statement about my internal situation in that moment and it's Evolving and changing as rapidly as if I were saying you know I had a migraine headache last night and I got up about four and took an aspirin and you know I'm telling you about my situation but the glossolalia must be speaking to something about my situation or it wouldn't be possible to do it at all Not only is something not real unless it can be said but the count the contrapositive of that is that once something can be said it becomes almost almost too real it displaces other possibilities I mean so we're living in a set of constructs some architectural some ideological and There they can be very oppressive. I mean how do you get rid of the notion of linear time and space? very easily it's it's the slow work of consensus one of the things that I feel I'm doing very consciously in these kinds of meetings is We're trying to launch and replicate means You you all know this concept a meme is the smallest unit of an idea in the same way that a gene is the smallest unit of Organism and so these things DMT elves Transcendental object at the end of history so far these are means and and in the same way that genes are copied and Spread around and that fidelity of copying is the key to genetic success Fidelity of of meme replication is the key to communication I mean if I give a speech on something and then you hear it and then you go out and somebody says so what did he say? And you give a completely cock-eyed account of what has been said well, then the meme has been betrayed But if you can actually transfer the meme to somebody else's mind and then they can copy it and pass it on then the meme It's almost as though the ideological Environment were like a rainforest Or a coral reef evolution is taking place stupid means Dumb means have short lifetimes and they disappear you know and Means of great power are able to thrive in many intellectual and ideological niches and to make many Marriages of convenience with other memes and so they are stabilized and passed along Somehow we have to become hip to the fact to the power of language and instead of just willy-nilly Creating linguistic structures Sort of ad hoc we need to begin to consciously engineer our Linguistic intent and then you know so far in the 20th century This has not been a program with a very happy history because only jerks have gotten a hold of it Nazis and people with narrow social programs that say you know we're not going to call each other mister and missus or Hey, you we're going to call everybody's going to call each other comrade And then this will create the notion of comrade ship which to a certain degree It does but you know manipulating these things for political ends I mean the you know the Jews it was okay to put Jews in ovens because the official language for talking about Jews was that they were untermensch Subhuman not like Us whoever we are so once the definition had been changed people said well It's okay to mistreat Jews you know They're not even really people and this is this kind of thinking goes on all the time It's called Stereotyping and it's always is an easier substitute It's a it's a cheap substitute for clear thinking David Brown asked me the question what about life after death and I I it was somewhat of a sidebar The Buddhists at the folk level in India do say you cannot attain enlightenment unless your mother is dead Which is a kind of an odd notion seeming to imply that she had to precede you into hyperspace when you die What you do is you literally as appears to happen you dissolve And where you go is? Forward and backward into time not like a gas released into time But along the tracks and trails of the genetic machinery in other words you flow into your children And you you become let well Let's make a very simple model and say at the moment of death you become your children and your parents a a few moments later you become your grandchildren and your grandparents you're Spreading down it's almost as though the the thing which you were which was this focus of ego and individuality Then it dies and it's almost as though the mountain begins to slump back into the generalized pool of Consciousness and being that's why I have somewhat less Less patience maybe than I should have with the idea of of channeling and and Come as you were parties and that sort of thing because it seems to me the key to understanding the idea of reincarnation And past lives is that you were everybody of course That's who you are here comes everybody You know you weren't just that shepherd girl or that Roman Empire Emperor or that Greek for your everybody and you can find your way into the great genetic telephone system and ring anybody's bell in history Well, then it would be absurd to claim you were that person That would be as absurd as claiming that anybody you could call on the telephone is who you are No, it's that we are everyone and you know the great turning object in hyperspace that is the genetic I Don't know trans-dimensional object casts off glinting reflections of this personality that Personality and astrology has a role to play here and other things, but the bottom line is We are all drawn of the same stuff. I think one of the most profound Insights you can have on psychedelics and I certainly have it is that we are all interchangeable You know anybody could do my job and I'm pretty confident. I could do almost anybody's job We define ourselves Otherwise, but you know in watching the in watching the rise of my own career It's just it's a kind of being deputized Chosen for the job. It's just they said will him he can do it. He has the gift of gab so give him the credit line but it could have been Anybody our uniqueness is Is real on one level but on another level it's fairly illusory? It's it's sort of a coincidencia positorum you have to hold these two antithetical things in your mind at once in order to correctly perceive The proper level of ambiguity that's resident in reality. It ain't simple folks Yeah Can I just ask this question do I understand you say that to find our truer self we have to go back to the worm-like stage? And to reach out for the pharmacological the natural pharmacological that is in the Abaddon Basin and all those plants and things To find our true inner being, ego, whatever Well, I don't think we have to go back as far as the worm-like stage. I think what we have to do is We have to get out of history history as a con game run by frightened men and their obedience stooges What we had a moment of happiness there was a moment of completion I guess I should explain my position on this You see there have always been dominance hierarchies in primates as far back as you go clear back to squirrel monkeys There are what are called male dominance hierarchies Well, so then in us This is had was interrupted by Psilocybin use over a period of probably a couple of hundred thousand years the psilocybin Forget that it's psychedelic for a moment. Just think of it as an inoculation against ego and so for 200,000 years or so it was a dietary item which suppressed this normal monkey behavior and and so then Females were shared the sexual style was orgiastic There were no awareness of lines of male paternity and the children belong to the group This was not quote-unquote Natural the natural way is for the men to dominate to control the females to the old tooth and claw But for a couple of hundred thousand years It was artificially interrupted by the presence of mushroom in the paleolithic human diet Well then when because of Climatological factors and other factors that we can discuss in another meeting the mushroom became unavailable The old monkey's behaviors Reemerged only about twelve thousand years ago, but in the previous 200,000 years language had been discovered fire tool making song a whole bunch of a bunch of Forward leaps had been made well then when the psilocybin was withdrawn and the patterns of male dominance reasserted themselves in an environment where fire and language had been achieved it Exacerbated it it made it much more nightmarish Marish it made it much more difficult to step away from and all of history is the unhappy story of our essentially our withdrawal and our agony over being unable to reach this connection back into the guy and mind which when we had it We lived in Eden we were balanced But but it faded and history was the consequence now in the last 50 years Information has arrived on our plate lo and behold in the final ticking of the final hour of our dilemma That actually shows us the way back if we but have the wisdom to understand this and then the fortitude To apply what we know one more question You mean motivation to take psychedelics to take action Well, I think you know that that this psychedelic community is not yet recognized or named itself as a community We're well behind Gays and black people and all these other my we're still trying to figure out if we are A community and if we are a community and we have a domain of action I think where it lies. It's not that we're all supposed to become dope dealers It's that we're all supposed to become artists that the transformation of culture through art is the proper understanding of What you can do with psychedelics besides blow your own mind and I really think you know What we need to do is put the art pedal to the floor and understand that this is art We are involved in some kind of enormous piece of performance art called Western Civilization and you know It's been a C-minus performance so far And they're just about to reach out with the hook and drag us off stage Unless we begin pulling rabbits out of the hat pretty furiously art is poised for this But art is ambivalent because the society is ambivalent That's why meetings like this where you actually hear it said the sooner the better the clock is ticking. This is not a test There will not be a retry You know this is the window of opportunity between the unknown and eternity if not taken Then the entire enterprise could be lost the whole thing from the cave paintings at Lascaux to Whitney Houston It could all go down the drain if we don't you know act to preserve it through an act of human cognition plus courage William Blake used to say nothing is lost Nothing is lost and this seems literally to be true. It seems as though you know Something once articulated a statement the Reverberations are unto the last syllable of recorded time Somehow it's all there now when I said these things approached and spoke in English I didn't mean to make it sound as mundane as it might sound you know Greek religion was Characterized by what was called the logos in the Hellenistic period and the logos was an informing voice and all the great thinkers of Hellenistic times Plato Socrates xenophon Thucydides all of these people Were in contact with the logos it was the sine qua non of Hellenistic religion and it was a speaking and informing voice that tells you the right way to live Well, we don't know what to make of this And at a certain point in the evolution of the Western mind judging by The writings of people who were contemporaneous with those times the logos fell silent There was actually a date Some of you may know the story of the fishermen Pulling their nets off the Isle of Rhodes And they heard a voice from the sky say that great pan is dead and This was at the change of the eon the beginning of the age of Aquarius It was almost as though there was something in the ancient world that has gone latent That we can no longer touch or imagine Gordon Wasson who discovered with his wife Valentina the mushrooms Told a very interesting story In one of his books about how in Mazatekin the People who are speakers of Mazatekin when they chant what the mushroom says They have created a special form for this which goes like this the buzz the buzz the buzz the buzz the buzz Sir this word sir means says It's about about about about says the other data says I Didn't know this at the time I took mushrooms the second time and in my head I heard the mushroom speaking in English But adding the word says To the end of the sentence so it was almost like you know this thing could speak in Mazatek It could speak in English, but it always kept its cadence and its structure the other thing about psilocybin and the DMT thing is that it seems to be a catalyst for glossolalia this is why I think it must have had something to do with the evolution of language I mean when you take psilocybin you can fall spontaneously into states of glossolalia sometimes on DMT it's almost impossible to control it just spontaneously comes out yeah oh what is glossolalia glossolalia well here's an example of it then I'll define it Zidink what maktiki pittetsk thing what a mold a roof no book hang at a fops it's it's language like activity in the absence of meaning and it's a very interesting thing neurologically because notice that speech ordinary speech is this highly variable stream of data we are set up to make these small mouth noises as a public speaker I'm very aware of the fact that one can speak without tiring almost longer than you can do any other major human motor activity and but the glossolalia such as I just did it is clearly under the control of rules but it is not there is no meaning conventionally conceived of there but there is syntax and I think probably that language was invented millennia before meaning and that you could almost call glossol you could almost call language toneless singing and that people used to sit around the campfire and amuse each other by making funny noises as a kid I used to do this and then it was only much much later that anything approaching linguistic conventionality was imposed on this and that that's a lower function the other thing I want to say about this glossolalia thing is you may say well you're just making it up when I do that but really the experience I have when I do it is that I stand aside then this variable data stream comes out through my mouth well now it has to reflect something about me it's a statement about my internal situation in that moment and it's evolving and changing as rapidly as if I were saying you know I had a migraine headache last night and I got up about four and took an aspirin and you know I'm telling you about my situation but the glossolalia must be speaking to something about my situation or it wouldn't be possible to do it at all not only is something not real unless it can be said but the the count the contrapositive of that is that once something can be said it becomes almost too real it displaces other possibilities I mean so we're living in a set of constructs some architectural some some ideological and there they can be very oppressive I mean how do you get rid of the notion of linear time and space very easily it's it's the slow work of consensus one of the things that I feel I'm doing very consciously in these kinds of meetings is we're trying to launch and replicate means you all know this concept a meme is the smallest unit of an idea in the same way that a gene is the smallest unit of organism and so So these things, DMT elves, transcendental object at the end of history, so far, these are memes. And in the same way that genes are copied and spread around and that fidelity of copying is the key to genetic success, fidelity of meme replication is the key to communication. I mean, if I give a speech on something and then you hear it and then you go out and somebody says, so what did he say? And you give a completely cockeyed account of what has been said, well, then the meme has been betrayed. But if you can actually transfer the meme to somebody else's mind and then they can copy it and pass it on, then the meme, it's almost as though the ideological environment were like a rainforest or a coral reef. Evolution is taking place. Dumb memes have short lifetimes and they disappear, you know, and memes of great power are able to thrive in many intellectual and ideological niches and to make many marriages of convenience with other memes. And so they are stabilized and passed along. Now we have to become hip to the fact, to the power of language. And instead of just willy-nilly creating linguistic structures sort of ad hoc, we need to begin to consciously engineer our linguistic intent. And then, you know, so far in the 20th century, this has not been a program with a very happy history because only jerks have gotten a hold of it. Nazis and people with narrow social programs that say, you know, we're not going to call each other Mr. and Mrs. or hey you, we're going to call, everybody's going to call each other comrade. And then this will create the notion of comradeship, which to a certain degree it does. So, you know, manipulating these things for political ends, I mean, you know, the Jews, it was okay to put Jews in ovens because the official language for talking about Jews was that they were unter mensch, subhuman, not like us, whoever we are. So, once the definition had been changed, people said, well, it's okay to mistreat Jews, you know, they're not even really people. And this is, this kind of thinking goes on all the time. It's called stereotyping. And it always is an easier substitute, it's a, it's a cheap substitute for clear thinking. David Brown asked me the question, what about life after death? And I, it was somewhat of a side bar. The Buddhists at the folk level in India do say you cannot attain enlightenment unless your mother is dead, which is a kind of an odd notion, seeming to imply that she had to proceed you into hyperspace. When you die, what you do is you literally, as appears to happen, you dissolve. And where you go is forward and backward into time, not like a gas released into time, but along the tracks and trails of the genetic machinery. In other words, you flow into your children and you, you become, let, well, let's make a very simple model and say at the moment of death, you become your children and your parents. A few moments later, you become your grandchildren and your grandparents. You're spreading down. It's almost as though the thing which you were, which was this focus of ego and individuality, then it dies. And it's almost as though the mountain begins to slump back into the generalized pool of consciousness and being. And that's why I have somewhat less patience maybe than I should have with the idea of channeling and, and come as you were parties and that sort of thing. Because it seems to me, the key to understanding the idea of reincarnation and past lives is that you were everybody. Of course, that's who you are. Here comes everybody. You know, you weren't just that shepherd girl or that Roman Empire, Emperor or that Greek fellow. You're everybody and you can find your way into the great genetic telephone system and ring anybody's bell in history. Well then it would be absurd to claim you were that person. That would be as absurd as claiming that anybody you could call on the telephone is who you are. No, it's that we are everyone and, you know, the great turning object in hyperspace that is the genetic, I don't know, trans-dimensional object casts off glinting reflections of this personality, that personality. And astrology has a role to play here and other things. But the bottom line is we are all drawn of the same stuff. I think one of the most profound insights you can have on psychedelics, and I certainly have it, is that we are all interchangeable. You know, anybody could do my job and I'm pretty confident I could do almost anybody's job. We define ourselves otherwise, but, you know, in watching the rise of my own career, it's just, it's a kind of being deputized, chosen for the job. It's just they said, well him, he can do it. He has the gift of gab, so give him the credit line. But it could have been anybody. Our uniqueness is real on one level, but on another level, it's fairly illusory. It's sort of a coincidencia positorum. You have to hold these two antithetical things in your mind at once in order to correctly perceive the proper level of ambiguity that's resident in reality. It ain't simple, folks. Yeah. Can I just ask this question? Do I understand you to say that to find our true self, we have to go back to the worm-like stage and reach out for the pharmacological, the natural pharmacological that is in the Abaddon Basin and all those plants and things to find our true inner being, ego, whatever? Well, I don't think we have to go back as far as the worm-like stage. I think what we have to do is we have to get out of history. History is a con game run by frightened men and their obedient stooges. We had a moment of happiness. There was a moment of completion. I guess I should explain my position on this. You see, there have always been dominance hierarchies in primates. As far back as you go, clear back to squirrel monkeys, there are what are called male dominance hierarchies. Well, so then in us, this was interrupted by psilocybin use over a period of probably a couple of hundred thousand years. The psilocybin forget that it's psychedelic for a moment. Just think of it as an inoculation against ego. And so for 200,000 years or so, it was a dietary item which suppressed this normal monkey behavior. And so then females were shared. The sexual style was orgiastic. There were no awareness of lines of male paternity and the children belong to the group. This was not quote unquote natural. The natural way is for the men to dominate, to control the females, to the old tooth and claw. But for a couple of hundred thousand years, it was artificially interrupted by the presence of mushroom in the paleolithic human diet. Well, then when, because of climatological factors and other factors that we can discuss in another meeting, the mushroom became unavailable, the old monkey behaviors reemerged only about 12,000 years ago. But in the previous 200,000 years, language had been discovered, fire, tool making, song, a whole bunch of forward leaps had been made. Well, then when the psilocybin was withdrawn and the patterns of male dominance reasserted themselves in an environment where fire and language had been achieved, it exacerbated it. It made it much more nightmarish. It made it much more difficult to step away from. And all of history is the unhappy story of our, essentially our withdrawal and our agony over being unable to reach this connection back into the Gaian mind, which when we had it, we lived in Eden. We were balanced. But, but it faded and history was the consequence. Now in the last 50 years, information has arrived on our plate. Lo and behold, in the final ticking of the final hour of our dilemma, that actually shows us the way back. If we, but have the wisdom to understand this and then the fortitude to apply what we know. One more question. You mean motivation to take psychedelics? To take action. Well, I think, you know, that the psychedelic community is not yet recognized or named itself as a community. We're well behind gays and black people and all these other minds. We're still trying to figure out if we are a community. And if we are a community and we have a domain of action, I think where it lies, it's not that we're all supposed to become dope dealers. It's that we're all supposed to become artists. That the transformation of culture through art is the proper understanding of what you can do with psychedelics, besides blow your own mind. And I really think, you know, what we need to do is put the art pedal to the floor and understand that this is art. We are involved in some kind of enormous piece of performance art called Western Civilization. And, you know, it's been a C minus performance so far, and they're just about to reach out with the hook and drag us off stage, unless we begin pulling rabbits out of the hat pretty furiously. Art is poised for this, but art is ambivalent because the society is ambivalent. That's why meetings like this, where you actually hear it said, the sooner the better. The clock is ticking. This is not a test. There will not be a retry. You know, this is the window of opportunity between the unknown and eternity. If not taken, then the entire enterprise could be lost. The whole thing from the cave paintings at Lascaux to Whitney Houston. It could all go down the drain if we don't, you know, act to preserve it through an act of human cognition plus courage. The rainforests themselves may eventually be saved. Very large conservation organizations are attempting to do that. But the medical knowledge of how to use these plants is being lost at a tremendous rate. It will disappear in the next 30 years. There's no question about that because these people are, the young people are not learning the shamanism. They're moving into the cities. And you only have to break that kind of chain in an oral tradition. You only have to have a one generation break. And the 50,000 years of accumulated medical information is gone. So even in today's high tech world, 85% of all drugs sold over the counter can be traced to plants. So if we're serious about, you know, a cure to aid, new kinds of contraception, new forms of psychoactive drugs, then this botanical database needs to be preserved. I think that those of us who are experienced with psilocybin are in a position now to offer answers to one of the most perplexing questions in the entire field of biology, which is, how did it happen that over a very brief period of time, less than 2 million years, the brain size of our species doubled? And in doubling became the fastest transformation of a major organ ever recorded in the history of the evolution of life. This is according to Lumsden, who's a very respected evolutionary biologist. This is a truly perplexing problem for evolution. It would be perplexing were it to occur anywhere in the animal phylogeny. But what's of particular embarrassment here is that it occurs in the phylogeny of the animal who invented the theory of evolution. So, you know, it's particularly embarrassing. If we can't account for our own evolution, what depth and breadth has the theory when applied to the rest of nature? And, you know, one notion has been that you're looking for a transitional skeleton or intermediate forms. This is now been given up. And by looking at this problem, I have sort of been able to, I think, generate and let's call it an idea, a myth, a fantasy, an explanation for our predicament. And it goes very briefly something like this. All primates have what are called dominance hierarchies, male dominance hierarchies. This goes clear back into very primitive primates like squirrel monkeys. And it is true of us as we sit here in this room. We also have dominance hierarchies, male dominance hierarchies. This is why, you know, what the squawk is in the gender issue is that men have been running everything for a long, long time. But I maintain that there was a period in the history of the primates when male dominance hierarchies were interrupted. And they were interrupted by the presence of an unusual element in the food supply. And this element in the food supply was psilocybin. And it acted as a kind of inoculation or unconscious vaccination against the formation of ego. And that at that moment with ego, male dominance, tendency to male dominance chemically suppressed by mushrooms in the diet, all the qualities that we take to be most human and most ennobling in ourselves emerged. Language, loyalty, community, courage, love, devotion, self-sacrifice, planning. All of these things which distinguish us from the rest of animal nature, I maintain occurred under the catalytic influence of an exogenous neurotransmitter in the environment that was having profound effects on a monkey that was exploring a new environment and a new dietary habit. And here's the notion. Our remote ancestors reached a kind of evolutionary climactic stability in the arboreal forests of tropical Africa. And like most animal species that occupies successfully occupies a niche of some sort, we would have stayed that way for millions of years at equilibrium, happily eating fruit and occasionally hurling shit at each other as we conducted ourselves through the forested treetops. And thought would never have entered into the matter. However, the plot thickened about three million years ago, when suddenly and for reasons that are hidden in the heart of the planet itself, the planet began to dry and the African continent became subject to waves of drought and desiccation. The tropical rainforests which covered Africa began to retreat and be intercut with grasslands. And in these grasslands, a very rich flora, I mean a very rich fauna of animal life developed. New kinds of animals, grass-eating, herding animals, ungulate animals, cows, bison, various forms of antelopes, so forth and so on. Meanwhile, looking, turning the camera's eye on our remote human ancestors, things are getting tougher up in the treetops. Less fruit, less habitat in which to forage. And whenever an animal gets under dietary pressure, it does what any sensible creature would do. It begins to experiment with new food. It begins to test food in the environment. Now, the reason animals don't ordinarily do this is because foods also contain toxins. And toxins sometimes are mutagenic. So the reason butterflies and birds and all kinds of animals specialize in their diets, it's a strategy to avoid mutation-causing chemicals. Well, so then what happens if you put an animal population under pressure for food, and it starts experimenting with new forms of food? It begins having a higher incidence of mutation. And that mutation meets the selective forces of natural selection present in the environment. And lo and behold, you get sudden episodes of evolutionary advance. And I maintain that this is what happened to us on many levels. I mean, we are a kind of monkey. But if you set us next to our nearest relative, there are a lot of things about us that are different. Our hairlessness, the proportion of our skull to the rest of our body is a fetal ratio compared to other primates. Well, among the new foods encountered by these now ground-foraging proto-ancestors of ours were mushrooms growing in the dung of wild cattle in this grassland environment. Now, the astonishing thing about psilocybin in small doses, and this was secured by research done by Roland Fisher in the late 50s, early 60s, is that in very small doses, doses so small that you don't feel buzzed or loaded or anything. In fact, you don't notice it. Visual acuity increases. You can give somebody five milligrams of psilocybin, and an hour later give them a standard optometric test, and they will do better than if they hadn't taken the psilocybin. This is because edge detection is sensitized. Well, you don't have to be a rocket scientist to figure out if there's a food in the environment of a hunting and gathering animal that conveys increased visual acuity, it's the equivalent of chemical binoculars, then those animals which accept that food as an item in their diet are going to have greater hunting success than those individuals that do not. And greater hunting success means greater success at feeding your offspring. And that means that there would be an outbreeding of the non-psilocybin using members of the population. In other words, natural selection would then favor those animals using, admitting the mushroom into their diet. So that little chink in the armor, that little toehold is sufficient for the long march toward the stars, which is taking place in our species to begin. The next step is if you take slightly more psilocybin, you experience what's called arousal. And arousal means a kind of general restlessness, an inability to sit still, a roving and wired kind of attention. And in highly sexed animals like primates, it also means sexual arousal and in the male sustained erection. A second factor promoting outbreeding of the non-psilocybin using members of the population. In other words, you see, it was promoting what anthropologists straight-facedly call more successful copulations. And you don't have to be straight-faced, however. So this is the second step. And I believe that the sexual style of these psilocybin aroused early ancestors of ours was probably orgiastic. This seems reasonable from looking at human styles on the earth today. And I suspect that probably an orgiastic religious style based on the worship of a great horned goddess who was honored at the new and full moon became a religious style that was set in place for 10 or 15,000 years. This is what was going on. Well, now psilocybin on its own, and even more so in combination with a social style that included orgy, will have the consequences of dissolving boundaries. You know, this is what the orgiastic style does. It erodes the concept of me and still more the concept of my women, my children, my tools, my territory, my hunting ground. If you have an orgiastic style, the first important consequence is that men cannot trace lines of male paternity. There is no concept for a man of my children. There is only the concept of our children, the tribe, the group, and loyalty is transferred in that direction. The suppression of ego was very real. In, as I said earlier, in the earlier primate forms, ego, male dominance, was very strong. But it was as though this item in the diet was suppressing this previous rigid male hierarchy. And into the void created by the dissolving of the social glue of these primates, there flowed a whole bunch of new behaviors. behaviors such as pair bonding based on loyalty and mutuality of need fulfillment, cooperation, appropriate role assignment, so forth and so on. In other words, it got loose. It began to work. You see, every time there was a glaciation, and there have been nine in the last million years or so, every time there is a glaciation, species, including primates, get locked in to islanded areas. Well then, when the ice melts, these previously islanded populations flow together and exchange genes. And there were several waves of human migration out of Africa and into the Middle East. But I maintain, based on the archaeological evidence, that only the last wave of migration out of Africa, which began only 20,000 years ago, were the people, anything other than hunter-gatherers, always before they were just hunter-gatherers. But this last time, in the intervening glacial period, they had learned to domesticate cattle in Africa. And it was almost as though the human population was finding its way toward the cattle. And of course, in the dung of the cattle was the mushroom. So this great horned mother goddess that appears at the dawn of history of history is a hypostatization of the power of cattle in the human imagination. Now, these behaviors that were developed out of this encounter with psilocybin also involved religion at higher doses of psilocybin. You know, remember, at very low doses, increased visual acuity. Mid-range doses, orgiastic sexual activity and ego dissolution. At still higher doses, the revelation of a religious tremendum so bizarre and unnerving that even today, we, with Husserl and all the rest of it under our belts, can barely face it. In other words, a mystery which for all of our sophistication, the breadth and measure of it can hardly be taken. And that laid the basis for a sense of religio, a sense of ritual, a sense of a relationship to a tremendum. And I don't, I don't want to present this psilocybin intoxication entirely as if it were simply ameliorating the earlier evolutionary programming in the primates. It was doing that, but it was doing something else as well. Because this mystery at the center of the psilocybin intoxication is not simply the contents of your unconscious mind or unfulfilled fantasy as Freud thought. Or it is, in fact, a contact with a Gaian intelligence of some sort. And if you're a rationalist as I once was on some long forgotten world, this is an incredibly challenging notion. that what you're getting into is actually some kind of super mind, some kind of organism that is, you know, apparently in the atmosphere, in the water, in the plants, in the land. It's hard to say where it is or what it is because it was not designed for human apprehension. It has its own ding on seish, its own thing in itself. It's, uh... It's like a god for any century of human Description of it except the 20th in which we have enough knowledge about the ecosystem to say well Maybe it's not as Milton said the god who hung the stars like lamps in heaven It isn't that god, but it's the god of the oceans and the jungles and the ice caps and the rivers and the glaciers And the great schools of fish and the deserts, and it's the goddess of the earth It's the mind of organic life on this planet, and I believe that we were we were its chosen vessel of Manifestation in a certain domain and this is what the Edenic myth is about the nostalgia For paradise that haunts our species is a memory of this time This golden era that ended as recently, you know as 10,000 years ago. I mean everything that we call history is a product of the traumatic break in our symbiotic relationship to the earth occasioned by The the loss of the mushroom religion which was the or religion and You know an obvious question that anyone who's gotten this far would ask is well if it was so wonderful Why was it lost well? It was lost Because the same dynamics which created it which were the progress which was the progressive drying of the African continent those forces Accelerated and continued and where there had been Edenic grassland and vast herds and endless supplies of mushrooms There became desert there became dry land scrub the retreating water holes fewer and fewer mushrooms the mushroom festivals which had been at the new and full moon Became fewer in number the mushroom supply dwindled Special classes of people had to be appointed who would be the mushroom users Special times of the year had to be appointed when the mushrooms could be taken Special places in the rain shadow of mountains and near water holes Became the only places where the mushrooms could be found and at that point And these these are processes which took millennia to occur at that point there became an anxiety and concern to preserve the mushrooms so that in abundant times they could be gathered for times when they were scarce and the Strategy that would have naturally been hit upon would be to use honey as a As a preservative in a world without refrigeration Honey is an antiseptic medium and that caramelizes around Fruits and like hummingbird tongues and stuff like that you're always hearing Romans eight hummingbird tongues in honey That's why because it was a preservative problem is Honey itself has a perverse and mercurial nature and can change into a Psychoactive drug it can change into mead which is a form of alcohol It can ferment and become a kind of proto beer well In the in what I develop in my book food of the gods is the idea that each drug carries baggage That we are generally not aware of each drug promotes certain values and suppresses others so if psilocybin suppressed ego male paternity and promoted sexual polymorphically perverse behavior then what and Consequent diminishing of ego then what mead fermented honey promotes is Is the classic things always promoted by alcohol in any form one a false sense of verbal facility In the insidious combination with a lowering of sensitivity to social cueing? You know you can see this in any singles bar on a crowded Saturday night people drink because it they think it makes them clever and then Able to ignore social cues from those around them They boorishly proceed with their agenda which usually involves getting laid or something and You know I think that there was probably a thousand years in European civilization When very few people experience sex without being bombed because that was how people Steal themselves for the experience, you know You know it was recommended to give distilled alcohol to soldiers on the brink of battle when it was first invented because it fortified them well well as the mushrooms faded these Behaviors that had been previously well established in primates of male dominance and ego returned So that at the very dawn of human history, you know, let's say 6,000 B.C. Or so you get In the absence of the psilocybin the disease of ego Reemerges it's been suppressed for 50,000 years now. It spreads through the population like wildfire and you get urbanization agriculture agriculture leads to surplus surplus Surplus means an end to set to nomadic existence you become sedentary you build grain towers You fill these towers with grain then you have to defend them against the hungry people from the other tribe So you get classes? Somebody has to coordinate the defense of this grain towers suddenly you have generals hierarchy male dominance warfare classism You name it, you know, and the and the phonetic alphabet and all the rest of it is not far behind It's the fall into history and we are the unhappy inheritors of this situation and our you know one of the things that is so unique about us is our Fascination with drugs That of you know, you know that the elephants will break into compounds to get it rotting papayas and butterflies go for sugared rum and this and that But human beings are incredible the rainforests themselves may eventually be saved Very large conservation organizations are attempting to do that But the medical knowledge of how to use these plants is being lost at a tremendous rate it will disappear in the next 30 years There's no question about that because these people are the young people are not learning the shamanism They're moving into the cities and and and you only have to break that kind of chain in an oral tradition You only have to have a one generation break and the 50,000 years of accumulated medical information is gone so And even in today's high-tech world 85% of all drugs sold over the counter Can be traced to plants so if we're serious about you know a cure to aid new kinds of contraception New forms of psychoactive drugs then the this botanical database needs to be preserved I think that those of us who are experienced with psilocybin are in a position now to offer Answers to one of the most perplexing questions in the entire field of biology Which is how did it happen that over a very brief period of time less than two million years? the brain size of our species doubled and and in doubling became the fastest Transformation of a major organ ever recorded in the history of the evolution of life This is according to Lumsden who's a very Respected evolutionary biologist. This is a truly Perplexing problem for evolution it would be perplexing Were it to occur anywhere in the animal phylogeny, but what's of particular Embarrassment here is that it occurs in the phylogeny of the animal who invented the theory of evolution so You know it's it's particularly embarrassing if we can't account for our own evolution evolution what depth and breadth has the theory when applied to the rest of nature and you know one notion has been that you're looking for a transitional skeleton or Intermediate forms this is now been given up and By looking at this problem. I have sort of been able to I think Generate and let's call it an idea a myth the fantasy an Explanation for our predicament and it goes very briefly something like this All all primates have what are called dominance hierarchies male dominance hierarchies this goes clear back into very primitive primates like squirrel monkeys And it is true of us as we sit here in this room We also have dominance hierarchies male dominance hierarchies. This is why you know What the squawk is in the gender issue is that men have been running everything for a long long time But I maintain That there was a period in the history of the primates when male dominance hierarchies Were interrupted and they were interrupted by the presence of an unusual element in the food supply and this element in the food supply was psilocybin and it acted as a kind of inoculation or unconscious vaccination against the formation of ego and And that at that moment with a Ego male dot tendency to male dominance chemically suppressed By mushrooms in the diet all the qualities that we take to be most Human and most ennobling in ourselves Emerged Language Loyalty Community Courage Love Devotion Self-sacrifice Planning All of these things which distinguish us from the rest of animal nature I maintain occurred under the catalytic influence of an exogenous Neurotransmitter in the environment that was having profound Effects on a monkey that was exploring a new environment and a new dietary habit and here's the notion Our remote ancestors reached a kind of evolutionary climactic stability in the arboreal Forests of tropical Africa and like most animal species that occupies successfully occupies a niche of some sort We would have stayed that way for millions of years at equilibrium happily eating fruit and occasionally hurling shit at each other as we conducted ourselves through the forested treetops and Thought would never have entered into the matter However the plot thickened about three million years ago when suddenly and for reasons that are hidden in the heart of the planet itself The planet began to dry and the African continent became subject to waves of drought and desiccation The the tropical rainforests which covered Africa began to retreat and be intercut with grasslands and in these grasslands a very rich flora I mean a very rich fauna of animal life developed new kinds of animals grass-eating Herding animals ungulate animals Ungulate animals cows bison various forms of antelopes so forth and so on Meanwhile looking turning the cameras eye on our remote human ancestors Things are getting tougher up in the treetops Less fruit less habitat in which to forage and To forage and Whenever an animal gets under dietary pressure it does what any sensible creature would do It begins to experiment with new food It begins to test food in the environment Now the reason animals don't ordinarily do this Is because foods also contain toxins Toxins and toxins Sometimes are mutagenic So the reason butterflies and birds and all kinds of animals specialize in their diets It's a strategy to avoid mutation causing chemicals Well, so then what happens if you put an animal population under pressure For food and it starts experimenting with new forms of food It begins having a higher incidence of mutation And that mutation meets the selective forces of natural selection present in the environment And lo and behold you get sudden episodes of evolutionary advance And I maintain that this is what happened to us on many levels I mean we are a kind of monkey But if you set us next to our nearest relative There are a lot of things about us that are different Our hairlessness Our the proportion of our skull to the rest of our body Is a fetal ratio compared to other primates Well among the new foods encountered by these now ground foraging proto ancestors of ours Were mushrooms growing in the dung of wild cattle in this grassland environment Now the astonishing thing about psilocybin in small doses And this was secured by research done by roland fisher in the late 50s early 60s Is that in very small doses doses doses so small that you don't feel buzzed or loaded or anything in fact you don't notice it Visual acuity increases You can give somebody five milligrams of psilocybin And an hour later give them a standard Optometric test and they will do better than if they hadn't taken the psilocybin This is because edge detection is sensitized Well you don't have to be a rocket scientist to figure out if there's a food in the environment Of a hunting and gathering animal that conveys increased visual acuity It's the equivalent of chemical binoculars Then those animals which accept that food as an item in their diet Are going to have greater hunting success than those individuals that do not And greater hunting success means greater success at feeding your offspring And that means that there would be an outbreeding of the non psilocybin using members of the population In other words natural selection would then favor those animals using admitting the mushroom into their diet So that little chink in the armor that little toehold is sufficient for the long march toward the stars which is taking place in our species to begin The next step is if you take slightly more psilocybin You experience what's called arousal And arousal means a kind of general restlessness An inability to sit still A roving and wired kind of attention And in highly sexed animals like primates It also means sexual arousal and in the male sustained erection A second factor Promoting outbreeding of the non psilocybin using members of the population In other words you see it was promoting what anthropologists straight-facedly call more successful copulations And you don't have to be straight-faced however So this is the second step And I believe that the sexual style of these psilocybin aroused early ancestors of ours was probably orgiastic This seems reasonable from looking at human styles on the earth today And I suspect that probably an orgiastic religious style based on the worship of a great horned goddess Who was honored at the new and full moon? Became a religious style that was set in place for ten or fifteen thousand years This is what was going on Well now psilocybin on its own And even more so in combination with a social style that included orgy Will have the consequences of dissolving boundaries You know this is what the orgiastic style does it erodes the concept of me And still more the concept of my women My children my tools my territory my hunting ground If you have an orgiastic style The first important consequence is that men cannot trace lines of male paternity There are there is no concept for a man of my children There is only the concept of our children The tribe the group and loyalty is transferred in that direction The suppression of ego was very real In as I said earlier in the earlier primate forms Ego male dominance was very strong But it was as though this item in the diet Was suppressing this previous rigid male hierarchy Male hierarchy and into the void created by the dissolving of the social glue of these primates There flowed a whole bunch of new behaviors Behaviors such as Pair bonding based on loyalty and mutuality of need fulfillment Cooperation Appropriate role assignment So forth and so on In other words it got loose it began to work You see every time there was a glaciation And there have been nine in the last million years or so Every time there is a glaciation Species including primates get locked in to islanded areas Well then when the ice melts These previously islanded populations flow together and exchange genes And there were several waves of human migration Out of Africa and into the Middle East But I maintain on based on the archaeological evidence That only the last wave of migration out of Africa Which began only 20,000 years ago Were the people anything other than hunter-gatherers Always before they were just hunter-gatherers But this last time in the intervening glacial period They had learned to domesticate cattle in Africa And it was almost as though the human population Was finding its way toward the cattle And of course in the dung of the cattle was the mushroom So this great horned mother goddess that appears at the dawn of history Is a hypostatization of the power of cattle in the human imagination Now these behaviors that were developed out of this encounter with psilocybin Also involved religion at higher doses of psilocybin You know remember at very low doses increased visual acuity Mid-range doses orgiastic sexual activity and ego dissolution At still higher doses the revelation of a religious tremendum So bizarre and unnerving that even today We with Husserl and all the rest of it under our belts Can barely face it In other words a mystery which for all of our sophistication The breadth and measure of it can hardly be taken And that laid the basis for a sense of religio A sense of ritual A sense of a relationship to a tremendum And I don't I don't want to present this psilocybin intoxication Entirely as if it were simply ameliorating the earlier evolutionary programming in the primates It was doing that but it was doing something else as well Because this mystery at the center of the psilocybin intoxication Intoxication is not simply the contents of your unconscious mind Or unfulfilled fantasy as Freud thought Or it is in fact a contact with a guy in intelligence of some sort And if you're a rationalist as I once was on some long-forgotten world It this is an incredibly challenging notion That what you're getting into is actually some kind of super mind Some kind of super mind some kind of organism That is you know apparently in the atmosphere in the water in the plants in the land It's hard to say where it is or what it is because it was not designed for human apprehension It has its own ding on seas its own thing in itself It's like a god for any century of human description of it except the twentieth In which we have enough knowledge about the ecosystem to say Well, maybe it's not as Milton said the god who hung the stars like lamps in heaven It isn't that god But it's the god of the oceans and the jungles and the ice caps and the rivers and the glaciers and the great schools of fish And the deserts and it's the goddess of the earth It's the mind of organic life on this planet And I believe that we were we were its chosen Vessel of Manifestation In a certain domain And this is what the Edenic myth is about The nostalgia for paradise that haunts our species Is a memory of this time This golden era that ended as recently you know as 10,000 years ago I mean everything that we call history Is a product of the traumatic break In our symbiotic relationship to the earth occasioned by The loss of the mushroom religion Which was the Ur religion And you know an obvious question that anyone who's gotten this far would ask is Well, if it was so wonderful, why was it lost? Well, it was lost Because the same dynamics which created it Which were the progress which was the progressive drying of the African continent Those forces Accelerated and continued and where there had been Edenic grassland and vast herds and endless supplies of mushrooms There became desert There became dry land scrub retreating water holes Fewer and fewer mushrooms The mushroom festivals which had been at the new and full moon Became fewer in number The mushroom supply dwindled Special classes of people had to be appointed who would be the mushroom users Special times of the year had to be appointed when the mushrooms could be taken Special places in the rain shadow of mountains and near water holes Became the only places where the mushrooms could be found And at that point And these these are processes which took millennia to occur At that point there became anxiety and concern to preserve the mushrooms So that in abundant times they could be gathered for times when they were scarce And the strategy that would have naturally been hit upon Would be to use honey as a preservative In a world without refrigeration Honey is an antiseptic medium And that caramelizes around Fruits and like hummingbird tongues and stuff like that You're always hearing Romans eight hummingbird tongues in honey That's why because it was a preservative Problem is Honey itself Has a perverse and mercurial nature And can change into a psychoactive drug It can change into mead Which is a form of alcohol It can ferment and become a kind of proto-beer Well in the in what I develop in my book Food of the Gods is the idea that each drug Carries baggage that we are generally not aware of Each drug promotes certain values and suppresses others So if psilocybin suppressed ego male paternity And promoted sexual polymorphically perverse behavior Then what and consequent diminishing of ego Then what mead fermented honey promotes Is the classic things always promoted by alcohol in any form One a false sense of verbal facility In the insidious combination with a lowering of sensitivity to social cueing You know you can see this in any singles bar on a crowded Saturday night People drink because it they think it makes them clever And then able to ignore social cues from those around them They boorishly proceed with their agenda Which usually involves getting laid or something And you know I think that there was probably a thousand years in European civilization When very few people experience sex without being bombed, because that was how people steeled themselves for the experience. It was recommended to give distilled alcohol to soldiers on the brink of battle when it was first invented, because it fortified them. Well, as the mushrooms faded, these behaviors that had been previously well-established in primates of male dominance and ego returned. So that at the very dawn of human history, let's say 6,000 BC or so, you get, in the absence of the psilocybin, the disease of ego reemerges. It's been suppressed for 50,000 years. And now it spreads through the population like wildfire. And you get urbanization, agriculture. Agriculture leads to surplus. Surplus means an end to nomadic existence. You become sedentary. You build grain towers. You fill these towers with grain. Then you have to defend them against the hungry people from the other tribe. So you get classes. Somebody has to coordinate the defense of this grain tower. Suddenly you have generals, hierarchy, male dominance, warfare, classism, sexism, you name it. And the phonetic alphabet and all the rest of it is not far behind. It's the fall into history. And we are the unhappy inheritors of this situation. And one of the things that is so unique about us is our fascination with drugs. That elephants will break into compounds to get at rotting papayas. And butterflies go for sugared rum and this and that. But human beings are incredible. And human beings addict to approximately 20 or 30 substances very tight physiological addictions. And then there's all our ideological addictions to Marxism, to capitalism, to the Republican Party, you name it. And then we have behavioral addictions of all sorts. Somebody gets up in the morning and throws open their front door. And if the Times isn't lying rolled at their feet with a red rubber band around it, they go into shock. Because an addiction is being interrupted. The fix, which was supposed to arrive on time, has been delayed. And now this person stomps back into their house, menace to wife and child, because the newspaper didn't arrive on time. So this curious tendency of our species to addict, I think, is because, you know, if a person is an addictive type, then people say, well, they probably were abused in childhood. And this is the consequence of some kind of childhood trauma. Well, I would submit to you that we exhibit this pathology. We appear to be the inheritors of some kind of dysfunctional relationship. And I maintain that it was torn from us at the birth of mind when we were forced out of the African Eden and into, you know, a much drier, harsher Middle Eastern climate, where we then had to toil in the veil of sorrows. Well, now, what is the point of this? Or is this just some revisioning of archaeology, some egghead game? Or what is the point? Well, the point is that the consequences of this dysfunctional behavior stemming from ego and the dominance hierarchy in our behavior has ruined our planet, toxified the air and water, allowed our population to soar beyond the carrying capacity, poisoned our lives with propaganda, and made us each feel guilty, powerless, and doomed. I mean, this is the major riff being run in the society at large, is that we're doomed. We've looted the planet, we've destroyed our children's future, we have the ethics of rats, and now we're going to go down the tube. Well, I say, before we despair completely and just toss in the towel, we need to make one last try at escaping our demonic other, and that the way to do it is through, and this leads me by a Viconian recurso, back to the archaic revival. We need to reach back into time and attempt to understand what happened to us and how we fell into history and how its institutions have served us badly and diminished and degraded our humanness, and then we need to begin a fundamental reconstruction of human institutions with an eye toward creating a viable, balanced, nature-honoring, human-honoring set of institutions. So does this mean I advocate in a world of epidemic diseases that we return to orgies on every new and full moon? I don't think so. It's hardly possible. But what it does mean is that the tool which lay behind all these changes, which was the ego-dissolving power of psilocybin, needs to be looked at very carefully. We need to examine the possibility that we could re-engineer ourselves so that we could emotionally connect with the consequences of what we have been doing to ourselves and the planet. I mean, when people take psychedelics, this is what they realize. They lose the hold on their little world. You know, they're saving money for a Mercedes or breast implants or some damn thing. You know, then you take one of these things and then you get the big picture. And then you realize just where that Mercedes lies in, you know, the long march to the stars. In other words, we see this in the rainforest cultures today. They have no high level of material culture. And yet it's not because they're not interested in beauty or poetry. It's that they simply live in a much more mental world than we do. The peculiar obsession of the Western mind is its demonic relationship to matter. That we don't believe anything is real unless it's made of stuff. And, you know, any idea, any notion has to somehow be concretized. This is a kind of neurotic response in my opinion. I mean, the cultures with those civilizations with no material culture whatsoever are in a much more dynamic relationship to nature. It's our obsession with stuff that is pushing us toward Armageddon. I mean, we seriously propose to bring every man, woman, and child on earth to the level of the life standard roughly approximating that of the average dweller of this island. Well, I've got news for you. There isn't enough metal, glass, plastic, and petroleum in the planet to do that. And, in fact, it's causing the toxification of our world. Unfortunately, we live under a social system that is stuff-obsessed. We must have money in order to get things. And the number of things around that they're telling you you need is beyond your ever being able to satisfy yourself. We have been told that what is within is nothing, you know, and that all meaning lies in the exterior world. So only science has meaning. Only property has meaning. And, in fact, the felt presence of immediate experience is the only thing you will ever truly possess. The felt presence of immediate experience. It's the quality of that that determines whether you're a happy or unhappy person. And you can be dying of intestinal parasites in some hut in the Amazon. And if your felt quality of immediate experience is superior, then you're superior to the guy who's being chauffeured around in an air-conditioned limousine in some urban center somewhere. We, our whole cultural delivery system denies this, you know. So we have the concept of entertainment and of drugs. I mean, to my mind, television is a far more insidious drug than heroin and that they're very comparable. They're cousins. The difference between heroin and television is that at least on heroin, you can think your own thoughts. On television, they don't even give you the option to do that, you know. You imbibe a manufactured data stream, the main purpose of which is to introduce you to the cosmetically enhanced surfaces of certain products, which you don't need. The average American watches six hours of TV a day. This means that millions and millions of people are being maintained in a semi-larval stage. I mean, we might as well store them in enormous underground banks somewhere. And someday we may. I mean, this society is hard enough to manage. What if all these people unplugged themselves and began running around making demands on the political institutions and the infrastructure? Then we'd really have a problem. So better they should stay in the suburbs. People magazine is delivered. The telly is there. They trouble no one. But they do consume. There is no mundane future. I mean, if we had the chairman of the World Bank and those people here, they draw curves that will stand your hair on end. They show you that the world population, the extraction of petroleum, the rise of poverty, the poisoning of the atmosphere, the accumulation of toxins in the food chain. You draw all these curves and you discover that sometime between the year 2000 and 2040, life as we know it becomes absolutely impossible on the surface of this planet. That's what the sober, unstoned people say. So then the rest of us are supposed to come to terms with this in some sense. And you can either despair and say, well, then we're just, you know, the momentum of a thousand years of chuckle-headedness is just going to slam us into the wall of planetary limitation at a speed of about 5,000 miles an hour. Or we have to sort through our toolkit and find the right wrench to get this sinking submarine back up to the surface. Let's disarm Captain Nemo and his friends and put the people who want to go into the lifeboats into the lifeboats, and then these clowns can do any damn thing they want to. Well, when you sort through the cultural toolkit, trying to find the magic key, it is hallucinogenic plants. As far as I can tell, I mean, I'm just one guy, but I read widely, I traveled widely, I've been around the block, and my impression is that this is a tremendous long shot, but it's the only plan around. Nobody else has any other plan. What are you supposed to do? Wait for the friendly space brothers to come and pull your chestnuts out of the fire? I just don't get, I'm underwhelmed by the evidence that that's about to occur. Maybe it's about to occur. I don't regard myself as having an answer. I'm more like have a clue. I sort it through, just as I assume you are doing, trying to figure out, taking seriously what Alan Watts and Joe Campbell and all those people, Jung, you know, trying to figure out what are these people talking about? Is it just abstract? Can it ever be reached? And I sat at the feet of various rishis, roshis, geishis, and gurus. I swept up around the ashram and so forth and so on. And, you know, these people just don't have the moxie. I mean, maybe they've got something, but we don't have a thousand years to unravel this thing. It is a sinking submarine. Chatter is now out of bounds. Plato said, time is the moving image of eternity. And I, my model for these psychedelics is, if you push me, ultimately mathematical. I mean, I think that what, that when we say we dissolve a boundary, when we say that the psilocybin dissolves all boundaries, another way of putting that is to say that we rise to a higher dimension where what were boundaries now have been erased. And I mean another dimension in a very mathematical and formal sense. And there is a dimension from which the past, the present, and the future are equally discernible. And you go into that place. Shamanism, one, a good definition of shamanism, a psychedelic definition is, a shaman is somebody who has seen the end. That's all. And if you've seen the end, then you come back and take your place in the play with an entirely different attitude. In the mountains of the Sierra Mazateca of central Mexico, there are Mixtec and Mazatec Indians, the only place in the world where living mushroom cults with ancient roots still exist. The mushrooms were discovered in 1953 by Gordon and Valentina Wasson because they went to these villages and uncovered this thing. People thought it had been wiped out with the Spanish conquest, but it hadn't. It had just retreated into the Oaxacan interior and been kept alive. One way that I think about these aboriginal peoples is that they kept the secret while we descended into history. They stayed at home and kept the old, old secrets and we descended into matter. We made a kind of pilgrimage and we call it human history. Now it's over. Now we have to take what we've learned from this demonic pilgrimage into the domain of the material and use it to save the planet, to care for the planet. The only justification for history is if we use what we've learned to care for life on the planet and we may end up using thermonuclear weapons to destroy incoming space junk that imperils the ecology of the planet. There may be tasks for which only high technology is adequate. That, you know, if an asteroid is going to strike the earth you don't want to be a rainforest shaman in that situation. You want to be in command of intercontinental ballistic missiles with high lift capability that can take a 50 megaton weapon out there and blow this thing to smithereens. I see our bodhisattvic obligation as a biological obligation that we are to care for the earth. After all, the earth cared for us and we're like scabies or something, you know. I mean, it can't be very much fun for a planet to have a species on it which is always extracting petroleum and spreading plutonium around and dumping junk into the oceans and the atmosphere. It just, you know, my God, what is this? It's a raging viral infection of some sort and yet we may be the means to a technology that would actually then give us a destiny, save history from just being madness, century after century of rape and pogrom and just, you know, the horror that it is. I'd like to redeem that. I'm like Stephan Dedalus. I'd like to awaken from the nightmare. Marsiliad once made a wonderful statement. He said he was comparing our culture to a dying person and he said in the same way that a dying person sees their whole history flash before their eyes, a dying culture will frantically publish everything in one last final spasm of fear. Every Egyptian text, every Tibetan text, every Hopi prophecy, everything will be published, published, published because they're looking for answers. Somewhere it has to be. Did the Tibetans know it? Did the Witoto know it? Did the Inuit know it? Who knows it? We've got to find out. And eventually they'll get around to saying, well now what about these psychedelic people? We've been jailing them and hounding them for years. They claim they have an answer. And they'll say, you know, get them. Get them on the line. We'll talk to anybody at this point. Bad times lie ahead. Things are going to get worse before they get better. But they're going to get better. The problem, as I see it, with the West is in a search for philosophical economy, of which there's nothing wrong with philosophical economy, but in a frantic search for philosophical economy, we did great damage to our intuition. And what this gave us is monotheism. Monotheism is a very good idea and not such a good idea on the second pass because if you take a page from Jung, as I try to do, you know that the religious ontology of a culture reflects its innermost psychology. And the idea of monotheism, one God, omnipresent, omnipotent, unforgiving, and everywhere is an image of the male ego. That's all it is. It's an enshrining of the ideal personality as defined by that society. And yet, what it creates is a complete denial of the messy, felt, pluralistic, feminine, organic, emotional side of being. So one has become enslaved to a kind of platonic abstraction of which all life and color and feeling has been poured out of it and you just have the patriarchal ego and this is not very far behind us. I mean, some of us were probably raised by people like this. The idea of male rectitude, we're all pretty mellow, even the most uptight of us compared to the style of male presentation of say a hundred years ago. You know, a hundred years ago women referred to their husbands as mister. Get into it. You know, in the 16th century, medical students had to steal corpses off the gallows and from battlefields in order to do dissections because the church would not allow dissection of corpses to take place. So medical students of that era risked imprisonment in order to obtain corpses so that they could find out how the human body worked. This is the kind of situation that we're in. Constipated patriarchal institutions are standing directly astride the forward progress of the human race. I mean, you know, if you want to boil it down to a slogan and I'll just leave you with this, we call these substances consciousness expanding agents. Well now, if consciousness does not play a major part in the future history of our species, then what kind of a future history are we talking about? You know, are we going to become stupider, duller, more animal-like? I don't think so. Consciousness is our defining quality and it must be nourished, encouraged, catalyzed, never more so than now because we have a planet in peril. The entire evolutionary enterprise may rest on the kinds of decisions we make about how we order and carry out our priorities over the next 50 years. We need all the help we can get and these plants have always been there to render counsel and give advice to evolving human populations that would humbly and reverently seek their input. That's all. Thank you very much. Human beings addict to approximately 20 or 30 substances very tight physiological addictions and then there's all our ideological addictions you know, to Marxism, to capitalism, to the Republican Party, you name it and then we have behavioral addictions of all sorts. Somebody gets up in the morning and throws open their front door and if the Times isn't lying rolled at their feet with a red rubber band around it they go into shock because an addiction is being interrupted. the fix which was supposed to arrive on time has been delayed and now this person stomps back into their house menace to life wife and child because the newspaper didn't arrive on time. So this curious tendency of our species to addict I think is because you know if a person is an addictive type then people say well they probably were abused in childhood and this is the consequence of some kind of childhood trauma well I would submit to you that we exhibit this pathology. We appear to be the inheritors of some kind of dysfunctional relationship and I maintain that it was torn from us at the birth of mind when we were forced out of the African Eden and into you know a much drier harsher Middle Eastern climate where we then had to toil in the veil of sorrows. Well now what is the point of this or is this just some revisioning of archaeology some egghead game or what is the point well the point is that the consequences of this dysfunctional behavior stemming from ego and the dominance hierarchy in our behavior has ruined our planet toxified the air and water allowed our population to soar beyond the carrying capacity poisoned our lives with propaganda and made us each feel guilty powerless and doomed I mean this is the major riff being run in the society at large is that we're doomed we've looted the planet we've destroyed our children's future we have the ethics of rats and now we're going to go down the tube well I say before we despair completely and just toss in the towel we need to make one last try at escaping our demonic other and that the way to do it is through and this leads me by a Viconian recurso back to archaic revival we need to reach back into time and attempt to understand what happened to us and how we fell into history and how its institutions have served us badly and diminished and degraded our humanness and then we need to begin a fundamental reconstruction of human institutions with an eye toward creating a viable balanced nature honoring human honoring set of institutions so does this mean I advocate in a world of epidemic diseases that we return to orgies on every new and full moon I don't think so it's hardly possible but what it does mean is that the tool which lay behind all these changes which was the ego dissolving power of psilocybin needs to be looked at very carefully we need to examine the possibility that we could re-engineer ourselves so that we could emotionally connect with the consequences of what we have been doing to ourselves and the planet I mean when people take psychedelics this is what they realize they lose the hold on their little world you know they're saving money for a mercedes or breast implants or some damn thing you know then you take one of these things and then you get the big picture and then you realize just where that mercedes lies in you know the long march to the stars in other words we see this in the rainforest cultures today they have no high level of material culture and yet it's not because they're not interested in beauty or poetry it's that they simply live in a much more mental world than we do the peculiar obsession of the western mind is its demonic relationship to matter that we don't believe anything is real unless it's made of stuff and you know we any idea any notion has to somehow be concretized this is a kind of neurotic response in my opinion I mean the cultures with those civilizations with no material culture whatsoever are in a much more dynamic relationship to nature it's our obsession with stuff that is pushing us toward Armageddon I mean we seriously propose to bring every man woman and child on earth to the level of the life standard roughly approximating that of the average dweller of this island well I've got news for you there isn't enough metal glass plastic and petroleum in the planet to do that and in fact it's causing the toxification of our world unfortunately we live under a social system that is stuff obsessed we must have money in order to get things and the number of things around that they're telling you you need is beyond your ever being able to satisfy yourself we have been told that what is within is nothing you know and that all meaning lies in the exterior world so only science has meaning only property has meaning and in fact the felt presence of immediate experience is the only thing you will ever truly possess the felt presence of immediate experience it's that the quality of that determines whether you're a happy or unhappy person and you can be dying of intelligence parasites in some hut in the Amazon and if your felt quality of immediate experience is superior then you're superior to the guy who's being chauffeured around in an air-conditioned limousine in some urban center somewhere we our whole cultural delivery system denies this you know so we have the concept of entertainment and of drugs I mean to my mind television is a far more insidious drug than heroin and that they're very comparable their cousins the difference between heroin and television is that at least on heroin you can think your own thoughts on television they don't even give you the option to do that you know you you imbibe a manufactured data stream the main purpose of which is to introduce you to the cosmetically enhanced surfaces of certain products which you don't need the average American watches six hours of TV a day this means that millions and millions of people are being maintained in a semi larval stage I mean we might as well store them in enormous underground banks somewhere and someday we may I mean this society is hard enough to manage what if all these people unplug themselves and began running around making demands on the political institutions in the infrastructure then we'd really have a problem so better they should stay in the suburbs people magazine is delivered the telly is there they trouble no one they but they do consume there is no mundane future I mean if we had the chairman of the World Bank and those people here they draw curves that will stand your hair on the end they show you that the world population the extraction of petroleum the rise of of poverty the poisoning of the atmosphere the accumulation of toxins in the food chain you draw all these curves and you discover that there's a lot of you discover that sometime between the year 2000 and 2040 life as we know it becomes absolutely impossible on the surface of this planet that's what the sober unstoned people say so then the rest of us are supposed to come to terms with this in some sense and you can either despair and say well then we're just you know the momentum of a thousand years of chuckle headedness is just going to slam us into the wall of planetary limitation at a speed of about 5000 miles an hour or we have to sort through our toolkit and find the right wrench to get this sinking submarine back up to the surface let's disarm captain Nemo and his friends and put the people who want to go into the lifeboats into the lifeboats and then these clowns can do any damn thing they want to well when you sort through the cultural toolkit trying to find the magic key it is hallucinogenic plants as far as I can tell I mean I'm just one guy but my empire I read widely I travel widely I've been around the block and my impression is that this is a tremendous long shot but it's the only plan around nobody else has any other plan what are you supposed to do wait for the friendly space brothers to come and pull your chestnuts out of the fire I just don't get I'm underwhelmed by the evidence that that's about to occur maybe it's about to occur I don't regard myself as having an answer I'm more like have a clue I sorted through just as I assume you are doing trying to figure out taking seriously what Alan Watts and Joe Campbell and all those people young you know trying to figure out what are these people talking about is it just abstract can it ever be reached and I sat at the feet of various various rishis roshis roshis geishas and gurus I swept up around the ashram and so forth and so on and you know these people just don't have the moxie I mean maybe they've got something but we don't have a thousand years to unravel this thing it is a sinking submarine chatter is now out of bounds Plato said time is the moving image of eternity is if you push me ultimately mathematical I mean I think that what that when we say we dissolve a boundary when we decide say that the psilocybin dissolves all boundaries another way of putting that is to say that we rise to a higher dimension where what were boundaries now have been erased and I mean another dimension in a very mathematical and formal sense and there is a dimension from which the past the present and the future are equally discernible and you go into that place shamanism is one a good definition of shamanism a psychedelic definition is a shaman is somebody who has seen the end that's all and if you've seen the end then you come back and take your place in the play with an entirely different attitude in the mountains of the Sierra Mazateca of central Mexico there are Mixtec and Mazatec Indians the only place in the world where living mushroom cults with ancient roots still exist the mushrooms were discovered in 1953 by Gordon and Valentina Wasson because they went to these villages and uncovered this thing people thought it had been wiped out with the Spanish conquest but it hadn't it had just retreated into the Oaxacan interior and been kept alive one way that I think about these aboriginal peoples is that they kept the secret while we descended into history they stayed at home and kept the old old secrets and we descended into matter we made a kind of pilgrimage and we call it human history now it's over now we have to take what we've learned from this demonic pilgrimage into the domain of the material and use it to save the planet to care for the planet the only justification for history is if we use what we've learned to care for life on the planet and we may end up you know using thermonuclear weapons to destroy incoming space junk that imperils the ecology of the planet there may be tasks for which only high technology is adequate that you know if an asteroid is going to strike the earth you don't want to be a rainforest shaman in that situation you want to be in command of intercontinental ballistic missiles with high lift capability that can take a 50 megaton weapon out there and blow this thing to smithereens I see our bodhisattva obligation as a biological obligation as a biological obligation that we are to care for the earth after all the earth cared for us and we're like a we're like scabies or something you know I mean it can't be very much fun for a planet to have a species on it which is always extracting petroleum and spreading plutonium around and dumping junk into the oceans and dumping junk into the oceans and the atmosphere just you know my god what is this it's a raging viral infection of some sort viral infection of some sort and yet we may be the means to a technology that would actually then give us a destiny save history from just being madness century after century of rape and pogrom and just you know the horror that it is I'd like to redeem that I'm like Stefan I'm like Stefan Daedalus I'd like to awaken from the nightmare Marsiliad once made a wonderful statement he said he was comparing our culture to a dying person and he said in the same way that a dying person sees their whole history flash before their eyes a dying culture will frantically publish everything in one last final spasm of fear fear every Egyptian text every Tibetan text every Hopi prophecy everything will be published published published published because they're looking for answers somewhere it has to be if the Tibetans know it did the Witoto know it did the Inuit know it who knows it we've got to find out and eventually they'll get around to saying well now what about these psychedelic people we've been jailing them and hounding them for years they claim they have an answer and they'll say you know get them get them get them on the line we'll talk to anybody at this point bad times lie ahead things are going to get worse before they get better but they're going to get better the problem as I see it with the West is in a search for philosophical economy of which there's no nothing wrong with philosophical economy but in the in a frantic search for philosophical economy we did great damage to our intuition and what this gave us is monotheism monotheism is a very good idea on the first pass and not such a good idea on the second pass because if you take a page from young as I try to do you know that the religious ontology of a culture reflects its innermost psychology and the idea of monotheism one God omnipresent omnipotent unforgiving and everywhere is an image of the male ego that's all it is it's an enshrining of the ideal personality as defined by that society and and yet what it creates is a complete denial of the messy felt pluralistic feminine organic emotional side of being so one has become enslaved to a kind of platonic abstraction of which all life is which all life and color and feeling has been poured out of it and you just have you know the patriarchal ego and this is not very far behind us I mean some of us were probably raised by by people like this you know the idea of male rectitude we're all pretty mellow even the most uptight of us compared to the style of male presentation of say a hundred years ago a hundred years ago you know a hundred years ago women referred to their husbands as mister get into it you know in the 16th century medical students had to steal corpses off the gallows and from battlefields in order to do dissections because the church would not allow dissection of corpses to take place so medical students of that era risked risked imprisonment in order to obtain corpses so that they could find out how the human body work this is the kind of situation that we're in constipated patriarchal institutions are standing directly astride the forward progress of the human race I mean you know if you want to boil it down to a slogan and I'll just leave you with this we call these drugs these drugs and substances consciousness expanding agents well now if consciousness does not play a major part in the future history of our species then what kind of a future history are we talking about you know are we going to become stupider duller more animal like I don't think so consciousness is our defining quality and it must be nourished encouraged catalyzed never more so than now because we have a planet in peril the entire evolutionary enterprise may rest on the kinds of decisions we make about how we order and carry out our priorities over the next 50 years we need all the help we can get and these plants have always been there to render counsel and give advice to evolving human populations that would humbly and reverently seek their input that's all thank you very much That's all. Thank you very much.