Greetings from Cyberdelic Space. This is Lorenzo, and I'm your host here in the Psychedelic Salon. Well, I just couldn't put this off any longer, but I'm afraid I'm in need of another little hit of McKenna, Abraham, and Sheldrake in one of their trial logs. But I don't want you to get worried now. I'm not going to go into another one of those long series of nothing but trial logs. I just needed a little McKenna fix, if you know what I mean. The conversation I'm going to play today was actually recorded on June 8, 1998, at Santa Cruz, California. And in the box of cassette recordings of these trial logs that Ralph Abraham loaned to me for this project, this trial log was the most recent one. Actually, there were three tapes with that date on them, and they're each about an hour and a half long. So right now I'm going to play the first hour of the first tape, and we'll get to the rest of that tape in another podcast later this week. But since today's program is so long, I'm going to dispense with most of my usual chatter and join you in listening to Terrence McKenna, Ralph Abraham, and Rupert Sheldrake talk about skepticism and the balkanization of epistemology. What I thought it would be interesting to discuss as part of our new series of trial logs, because I think it's an issue that more and more people are becoming aware of, is the whole question of skepticism and what I call the balkanization of epistemology. And what I mean by that is that somehow as a part of the agenda of political correctness, it has become not entirely acceptable to criticize or demand substantial evidence or expect people, when advancing their speculations, to make what used to be called old-fashioned sense. And I think this tolerance of unanchored thought and speculation is confusing the evolutionary progress of discourse, but I'm also aware that if you draw the parameters too tight, the baby goes out with the bathwater, or you become a defender of scientism or some kind of orthodoxy. So in my own situation, I've been trying to both understand what is strong and to be supported in science, and what needs to be criticized, and equally to look at the alternatives to science, the counterculture, the new age, and to ask myself, what is strong, what serves the evolution of discourse, and what is in fact this type of unanchored thinking that I'm concerned about. So first, let me talk a little bit about how I see science. If any one of us were to take what is called a scientific approach to many of the phenomena that interest us, psychic pets, the source of the content of the psychedelic experience, et cetera, et cetera, if we were to take a hard scientific view of these things, these phenomena, which we know exist, and which we find rich in implications, would simply not be allowed as objects of discourse. They would be ruled out of order. So there's something wrong on one level with scientific, what's called empirical, empiricism, skepticism, positivism, it has different names. On the other hand, if we go to the other end of the spectrum, and are willing to admit the testimony of iridologists, crop circle enthusiasts, victims of alien abduction, those who channel Atlantis, those who suspect undetected planets, those who believe vast alien arcologies, dot the planes of Mars, and so forth. And pro bono, better get that in. Yes, pro bono proctologists from other star systems, making unscheduled house calls late at night in our homes. Yes, I mean, both of you realize, I'm sure, that medical professionals, regardless of their species, or star system of origin, do not make house calls anymore. So, I see then this problem. Science is too tight-fisted. It misses much of what is interesting. To abandon the approach of science is to just be without rudder in an ocean of strident claims and counterclaims, many of which are preposterous, and certainly not all of which can be true. So, after thinking about this for a while, my approach was to say, well, science went from superstition to its present positivist position through a process of evolution, temporal unfoldment. So, using a method I've advocated in other situations, I conducted the following exercise. I said, I will move backward through the epistemological history of science to the last same moment science knew, and then analyze what that consists of, and I'm not completed in this process, but what I find is that a curious betrayal has occurred in science, that with the rise of capitalism and industrialism, science has actually become, uh, has allowed assumptions to be made that betrayed its original intent. And, what I mean by that is, uh, modern science relies on statistical analysis of data, you know, measure ten times, add the values, divide by ten, and this tells you how much rain is falling, how much voltage is flowing through a wire, something like that. Uh, this, uh, approach to phenomena mitigates against unusual phenomena. Inevitably. Because they are statistically insignificant. That's the phrase that is actually used. So, I, we can talk about this in detail. I don't want to spend a lot of time on it, but I think you see my implication. That the method of statistical analysis, true, produces general formalizations of nature's mechanisms and wonderful products, which can be sold and patented and so forth. But, it's a coarse-grained view of nature, and what it mitigates against seeing are the very things which feed the progress of science, which is the unassimilated phenomena, the unusual data, the peculiar result of an experiment. So, looking at that then, I said, well, where are we in the history of science where this happened and how was it before? And you may wish to correct me a hundred years either way, but I'm very interested in sort of, uh, bringing back and re-appreciating William of Ockham, who, aside from the things I'm saying about him here, which are very nice, also had a notion, uh, not much appreciated, of what he called unlimited progress. And it comes very close to novelty theories, belief that the universe progresses unto merging, emerging with the nature of God. But the thing about Ockham that bears on all this is, of course, his famous razor, which simply says, it's been interpreted in many ways, but hypotheses should not be multiplied without necessity. Or, to put it more simply, the simplest explanation of any phenomena should be preferred until found inadequate. Explanation should not be complexified beyond the demands of the problem against which it's being brought to bear. So, what I'm feeling is, if we abandon statistical analysis of nature and realize that probably the assumption of temporal invariance that that assumes about the underlying fields of nature is, in fact, a cheerful assumption, untested and unprovable. So, we should get rid, in my hypothetical reformation of epistemological dialogue, we should get rid of statistical analysis. We should dial science back to the late medieval period of Ockham. And we should do science that way. And applying Ockham's razor, we are quickly able to cut away the underbrush that these peripheral and alternative people have brought to the table. Some of it's good. Things like hypnotism, acupuncture, nutrition therapy, rational approaches to telepathy, clairvoyance. None of this is what I have a problem with. I don't have a problem with people proposing new models of nature. What I have a problem with is unanchored, eccentric revelations taking their place at the table. The channelings from the Palabians, for example. The Sichunite reconstruction of the ancient Near Eastern archeology. The Arguellian distortion of the Mayan accomplishment. I find these things pernicious and easily dealt with if we use Ockham's razor. But when we go too far into statistical analysis of nature, then we begin to cut away at our own beliefs and assumptions about nature. Yours, Rupert, of the morphogenetic field. Mine, of novelty theory. And there must be some aspect of all this that would threaten you, Ralph, if extremely empiricist and positivist criteria were brought to bear. In other words, we've all been called soft in our time. But in fact, I think our softness indicates a failure of science. Science has hoared itself to the marketplace and to technology. And interesting high-order phenomena like societies, economic crashes, complex system behavior is going to remain forever blurred in our understanding as long as we rely on statistical analysis. It's a tool that had its place. But to hold onto it indefinitely is going to retard mathematics' ability to give a deeper account of nature. A perfect example of this, and then I'll stop, would be the enshrinement of the so-called uncertainty principle in physics throughout the 20th century. You know, the supposed great bridge between science and mysticism. Well, it turns out it's just malarkey. There is no uncertainty principle. David Bohm's formulation of quantum physics gives perfect knowledge of velocity and position without ambiguity. It calls forth the notion of non-locality. That's why the Heisenberg formulation was preferred. But again, non-locality accepted permits some of the things we're interested in. Telepathy, information from other worlds arriving via the morphogenetic field, and so forth and so on. So, I haven't been maybe as rabble-rousing as you expected by naming in turn various heresies to be consigned to the flames, but I do think there are too many loose heads in our canoe, and that no revolution of human thought that I'm aware of succeeded through fuzzy thinking. Well, I've certainly got a lot to say about all that. Very interesting. I think that the, first of all, we have to see that there's a regional problem here, that scepticism and ockermism and so on are carrying different social balances in different parts of the world. You live in Hawaii and visit places like Maui quite frequently. Ralph lives right here in Santa Cruz, California, where you only have to mention the name to anyone in England who knows California at all. And they immediately say, oh yeah, where all the old hippies hang out. And it's the kind of, it's a totally alternative place. And as we've seen in our joint appearances in Santa Cruz, there's a level of weirdness among some of the theories people have, and the crank obsessions they follow, which from outside the perspective of the West Coast, most people would recognize as typically California. There's a kind of level of weirdness and cults and these, I mean most of the phenomena you've named, a phenomena of Hawaii and California. When you live in England, things take on a rather different perspective. There's a general level of popular scepticism, such as that the general tone of an English pub is one of sort of scepticism. Well, there aren't crop circles and Graham Hancock all homegrown British phenomena? They are, but every single one of them in any single pub where it's debated would always have sceptics in the discussion. You're never going to have a kind of thing where you have all believers, except in small crank societies of true believers, which exist. But the thing is, the general cultural tone is one of scepticism. And so the need for a great deal more of scepticism doesn't feel quite so urgent if you live in London as it does if you live in Hawaii or California. That's my first point. But secondly, I think that the scientific scepticism you talk about is indeed a serious threat, and I think that's done more than anything to drive science in this direction. It's a kind of dogmatic scepticism that rules out at any cost weird phenomena like telepathy, non-locality, etc. And so to rule those out, you have to say that a lot of phenomena don't really exist, like telepathy and stuff. And if non-locality happens, it's just a peculiarity of the details of quantum theory. The statistical anomaly gets rid of all problems. So you can take these points of view, but the sceptical, those kind of dogmatic sceptics, who I find myself confronted with quite often, the sceptical enquirer crowd, who are on my case whenever they can be, because they've classified me with the pro-brono promptologists from distant star systems. So the thing is, I've had the experience of being put in that category by sceptics, including the editor of Nature. And the sceptics in Britain who regularly appear, and good for a quote any time by the press, my old friend, Professor Lewis Walpert, at any moment, and to any journalist, several times a year will say, can't take this kind of thing so seriously. And then last year, when he said, but Professor Walpert, don't you think you should keep an open mind about some of these things? He says, not so open that your brain drops out. So that kind of sceptic has done a great deal to force science into this narrow thinking mould. It's forced the investigation of telepathy into more and more ridiculously detailed and unrealistic parapsychology-land experiments, seeking to provide the statistical proof of regularities. However, what I've found is with the staring experiments and with the psychic pet experiments, one can achieve results, positive results, which fit with all this normal statistical thing. They're repeatable, positive, they meet all these statistical criteria. They're not evanescent phenomena like human synchronicities. These are regularities of nature. So the old-style statistical approach can actually take us much further, I think. I'm using old-style statistical methods in my own research because I don't want to change both the content and the style at the same time. I want to show that by the old methods, these are valid criteria. So they're valid phenomena. They actually happen and you can prove them in the old-style scientific way. But I do agree that the kind of discussion we have in science doesn't need to have all these things. What I like most, I think my most heroic example in the kind of thing I do, is none other than the great, late Charles Darwin. And like most other biologists, I greatly admire him. But what I see in him and admire is different from what others admire. I like the way he draws on information from non-professionals, plant breeders, pigeon fanciers, horse trainers, cabbage breeders, rose planters and specialists, horticulturalists. He draws on all these people's experience, colonial explorers, sailors who tell of feral peaks on remote islands and how they've gone wild and so forth. All this is what Darwin draws on and he discusses it in a common sense way. There's no statistical test, chi-squared test, 5% levels of probability. It's wonderful science. It draws on experience and treats it in the light of common sense using rules of evidence. But without rigid statistical test, rigid methods. And it's wonderful science. He discovered a great deal. He'd never heard of 5% levels of probability. And yet it's great science. So, I think that there is a possibility to return to a more common sense approach. And common sense of the British pub type and probably of standard American kind too, will often deal quite satisfactorily with the pro-brainu proctomagists from outer space. Anyone who claimed that in the British pub would be, this would be the butt of a great deal of humour within minutes. No pun intended. Yes. Well, let me just say about that, there is a political problem. You're right. Though the British have this reputation in America for being the epitome of politeness, actually in a British pub people are willing to blow the whistle on what they perceive as absurdity. Five jokes. Yes. Always with humour. In the new age, it is utterly humourless. And the reigning paradigm of political correctness demands that you treat all of these testimonies and bits of news with complete equanimity. And it's thought to be rather out of sorts to suggest that anybody shouldn't be taken seriously. The belief is that truth can't be known. And so all there is is opinions. So, you know, you speak from your knowledge of the calculus and world history, and this person speaks from their latest transmission from fallen Atlantis, and this is all placed on an equal footing. And it's crazy-making, and it also guarantees the trivialness of the entire enterprise. I mean, I just don't think any revolution in human history can be made by fluff heads. Well, I think we, in order to understand what you're saying, I have to really try to figure out what a fluff head is. Yes. This is the crux. I like your historical approach, as we agree that science is rather in a bad place now. We can look back, find where it went wrong, go back there, start over again. This is exactly what fundamentalists do. Our ethics are gone. We're going to go back to the first speeches of Muhammad or something. So, William of Ockham, I feel uncomfortable with his idea of simplicity. I mean, the modern form is probably Komal-Gorov's measure of complexity, which would be given a data set. What is the length in bytes of the smallest computer program that can approximate the data set within epsilon or something like that? And the problem with this, technically speaking, is that last year's technology would give a Komal-Gorov measure of this much. This year's technology would give a much smaller measure, because we've learned a new trick of building models. Or it may only depend upon the computer language, more or less, that's used to build a model. So, in other words, there is no simple measuring stick of simplicity. And given three explanations, we're not sure what is the simplest one. There's no mathematics that could really be applied. It becomes a subjective judgment. And therefore, I think that this whole question works. I think that you've suggested a one-dimensional scale of fluff headness within a fluff scale, where down at this end, we have what even Walpert thinks is okay. And over at that end, we have the test that can be applied to Pleiadians to see if they're real or not. So, in this scale, I think you've marked two points. There's the point at which you think to the right of this is too fluffy and to the left is okay. And then there's another point where science agrees it's okay. You see that you're ruling out, like the channeling, no, but the telepathy, okay. But Walpert says the morphogenetic fields is not okay, but DNA is okay. So, I'm thinking of these two points that you described as being on some linear scale of fluffness. And I'm thinking that this entire scale of fluffness is not, I mean, you'd like to appeal to mathematics and to some kind of real science, that there is a real science, that the community or the religion of science has gotten off the track of the real science, and that there, this is what bothers me. And I wish that this were true, but I have no faith in it, that there is somewhere in the sky or in the deepest bowels of the earth, a measuring stick, where we could somehow measure the truth of something, even if it's just a degree of truth, as, you know, in chaos logic, you don't have true and false. You have a truth as a percentage between zero and a hundred percent. And is only, chaos logic would be a good alternative for you. The truth of a proposition, let's say, a formal logic, like Zeno's paradox, is only a temporal assessment, but it is the input of the measuring stick of truth, after which we get another measurement. You see, so now, under what we know so far, it's 60 percent true. Now, we assume that it's 60 percent true, that's the input to another assessment, when we find out it's 66 percent true. Without the input of another assessment, then it's 64 percent true. Hopefully, this process of successive judgments, which could be regarded as the history of science from the past through William and Malcolm on into the infinite future, would converge on something. But in chaotic logic, it doesn't converge, because certain kind of propositions, which are circular in a way, like Zeno's paradox, they, in circling around, they have a chaotic attractor, and so they're always giving different results, never settles down. It gives a dense set of estimates between zero and a hundred percent. And from this perspective, which is the successor of Aristotelian logic, which served science up until the year 1985 or something, you can't have a clear measuring stick of truth, and you can't have a clear scale of fluff. And so, the attempt to make something perfectly clear might be doomed to failure. We understand it, then, as something psychological. So I just want to give a... I'm applying Ludwig Fleck here to you. And Ludwig Fleck is the founder of the sociology of science, where you sort of do Freudian analysis of the scientific community as a social... as a flock of sheep, as it were. And with... like in the 60s, we were, as parents, very libertine with our children. Now we see those children have drawn up, and my children are having children, and they're having much stricter. And there's the idea that in successive generations, people are more or less strict with their children. And I think they're more or less strict about fluff also. So the fluff scale is actually a sociological aspect of a given culture or civilization, which fluctuates wildly in time. And I think that this is just one of many theories for you personally. And maybe we are also affected by this, that as we age, and then we are in contact with young people, and then we are receiving input from them, as far as the morphogenetic sequence of a fluff scale is concerned, that we're affected by them, and we're becoming a little more critical, you see. So then we become critical of ourselves, in a way, because a decade ago we were more open. So our fluff scale is changing, and therefore we have to rearrange all our social grid, that some people that were previously okay are not too fluffy for us, and their brains have fallen out. Well, let me say a couple of things about this. First of all, I think I agree with almost everything you say. On the end of pointing out that its truth is a very difficult thing to assess, you didn't mention Kurt Gödel. But certainly his proof that no formal system produces all true statements, shows that even ordinary arithmetic is subject to debate, and represents a kind of circularity. So, on one... ... And I completely agree with you that truth is a very complicated concept. And why shouldn't it be? It's motivated thinkers since thinking began. And we as yet have no certain index for it. You mentioned that you thought my approach was one-dimensional, and I agreed from your example. But much of your criticism was couched in the vocabulary of symbolic logic, analytical deconstruction. Here's a way we might go at this. Agreeing that it's a messy problem, let's agree that the solution may also be somewhat messy. So, for instance, we perhaps need to talk about kinds of fluff. I immediately identify two kinds of fluff. One is unscientific speculation, persistent throughout history, and with a consistent provenance. How do you religion? Well, mythology. I wasn't going to attack religion. I was thinking of more marginal ideas, but religion is a good example. I was going to suggest alchemy. Alchemy believes certain things about matter, which science absolutely abhors and rejects. The history of alchemy is far older than the history of science. It has always been in existence. Its thinkers have always evolved and adumbrated their field of concerns. So that's one kind of fluff. Fluff with punch, because it has historical continuity. But what are we to make of someone who brings to the idea a complete cosmological model generated in the past ten years by themselves alone? They never read Plato. They know no mathematics. They never read the Bible. They never read Wittgenstein. They just got it all in one download. And it is, on the face of it, preposterous. It's a faith that tells you that vegetables lose their auric fields unless peeled with wooden implements, that major earth changes have already happened but are invisible to most people, that there are only 100 real people alive on the planet anyway. Everyone else is a simulacrum from another dimension. In other words, preposterous on the face of it, historyless, idiosyncratic, and utterly unanchored to any body of previous human thought, sanctioned or unsanctioned. So the question before us is, how do we distinguish all these books from one that superficially might appear to be a genre, the invisible landscape? How do we make a division between the invisible landscape on the one hand and the rest on the other hand? Well, I think the invisible landscape, the category of the invisible landscape is I Ching commentary. I'm writing one right now. Well, they've been, the I Ching is a legitimate object of speculative discourse, has been since pre-Han time. Okay, so let's say we accept a two-dimensional model for fluff, where there's deeper fluff, like I Ching commentaries, and more superficial fluff, like the entire manifest universe is the circulation of a single electron. Let's use the Urantia book as an example. So in this case, Oh, the pattern we were given last night, a spiral form of the base. I have one here. Made as wire. So I think that I'll give you a point here in that Occam's razor is intuitively a good way to describe this new dimension, the simpler and more complicated explanations for an effect which, as a matter of fact, not established. So this is my worry about the anti-fluff posture that you now project in public and so on. I'm just sympathetic with a lot of things, and we're worried greatly about the pattern. And the problem with this strict parent approach to fluff is that some important discoveries may be shuttled aside, as Wolfert shoves aside Rupert's idea of the morphogenetic field. What is it that science hates? Besides Rupert, science hates homeopathy, acupuncture, or alternative medicine altogether. Science hates cold fusion. I mean, there are certain things to say, well, you know, too open-minded. To even think about being too open-minded, too much in conflict. So a lot of things would have been missed. You think of these paradigm shifts of the past of science. For example, the Continental Drift or the Ice Ages, I can see. You know, this was a really terrific discovery of mountain climbing guides of the Ice Age, which is that we don't take for granted, rejected by science for 30 or 40 years, and is one of the few successful examples of a paradigm shift in science. This scientific community is so... I've never even thought of it as a paradigm shift. Oh, it's a terrific story. I have to tell in great detail in my book, Pascay Aros, including a heroic picture of Agassiz himself. He was taken into the mountains by these peritone, a mountain climbing guide, said, look here, these are mountains, the limestone mountains. What are these clumps of granite doing here? They've been brought here from over there where we know where the granite is. You mentioned 30 or 40 years, Ralph. I think one way of thinking about this problem is some school of fluff should be given a certain amount of time to advance their agenda. It's very messy. But if after 20, 30, 40 years they've gotten nowhere, they should not lose their place in the discourse or move to the back of the room or something. And I think this should be applied to science as well. For example, science has been beating its breast since 1950 about how they were about to elucidate the mechanism of memory. I think it's time to just pull the plug on that. You've had 50 years to flail at this with every tool available and you have zilch to show for it. Similarly, if the flying, the people who believe aliens from other star systems are visiting this planet with great plans for mankind, they've been running that rift since 1947. It's time for them to lower their voices and let other people have something to say. For maybe a century or two, why are you so tight? Because if there is no progress, there are other fields have created multiple revolutions in the same timescape. Progress is very subtle. So while looking for memory endgreens in the brain, they didn't find them, but they did figure out how to do a certain kind of surgery so that if you have a tumor or something, they can do a really good job of helping you out. So... Well, I would challenge you to make a list of spin-off effects from the New Age that have eased the suffering of mankind. I mean, there have been a few backscratchers and some nutritional supplements and a mantra or two. But in terms of the money consumed, the lives distorted, the hype that we've all had to put up with, the... But we feel nervous about the censorship. I think, okay, if we were the National Science Foundation and we'd been funding channelers for years hoping that they would find gold in South America, I mean, we might withdraw our funding at this point, but we can't make it illegal somehow for them to channel. No, no. What we have to legitimize is critical discussion so that when someone stands up and starts talking about the face on Mars, people behave as they apparently behave in British pubs and just stand up and say, malarkey, mate! And, you know, force people to experience a critical deconstruction of their ideas. The face on Mars thing is a perfect example. Here in, what, 76, Voyager sends a low-resolution image might be a face. All of these self-promoting so-called ex-NASA scientists, I mean, when I hear the phrase ex-NASA scientists in the New Age, I reach for my revolver. So all of these ex-NASA scientists gather around, proclaim this thing, an alien artifact. When the first Mars orbiter fails at orbital injection around Mars, they scream conspiracy. Mankind isn't ready for the truth. Eighteen months later, the second Martian orbiter goes into orbit flawlessly. NASA, responding to the previous hullabaloo, actually moves this site up in its photographic agenda, photographs it exactly under the conditions these people say it must be photographed on. It's clearly an eroded Mesa, part of the Martian landscape, no different from any other. And immediately, the face on Mars people scream that the data has been tampered with, that all kinds of terrible things have gone on. One guy sent me email saying, well, there isn't a face on Mars, but there will be in the future. And someone else wrote me and said, well, obviously, the aliens wouldn't leave an artifact. The face on Mars is cleverly disguised as an eroded Mesa. Well, I agree, but I'm not sure that it's good to rant against the face on Mars because there's no way by William of Alchem or whatever that you could have ruled out the possibility that there was really a pocket watch on Mars. And now, in fact, they do, like, there's life here and there. There's water on the moon. There's a pocket watch on Mars. There's not a face on Mars, but there's something that nobody suspected that was found by going there. So my fear is that by drawing the line too tight that many discoveries will be missed. They'll be missed. And that a certain amount of open-mindedness is necessary to, for novelty to come in and to nourish the evolution of the collective mind. And I've got an answer to this, a political answer, because however much we choose to make criteria or define what, we'd have no power whatever to enforce them unless we were on a funding committee of the National Science Foundation or the government or the British Medical Research Council, or we were an editor of a prominent journal like Nature or Science and so forth. Under those conditions, through controlling grants or through controlling editorial policies of major journals, you really shape and influence the science community. You are the ones that draw the line about what papers are published in Nature. People like Sir John Maddox, who opposed my work, declared in public, in an editorial, this work, seemingly scientific, by someone with seeming scientific credentials, etc., was actually outside the possible area of rational scientific discourse. So there was a line drawn, put on an index. So there are people who do that, but we're not in those positions, nor are people in those positions very likely to listen to what we say. So the realistic question is how, in fact, does all this work and how politically could the system be reformed? Here I rely on a book by a dissident Cambridge biochemist who wrote a book called The Economic Laws of Scientific Research and his name I forget, but I remember it. But anyway, in this book he shows that if you look at the structure of scientific research funding, you find that in the 19th century when there was a great deal of scientific creativity and originality in both Britain and America, there was a great diversity of sources of funding. There was very little public money in science, practically none. And it came from innovators, companies that needed to do the science in order to make the chemicals and stuff. No one was going to tell them or give them they had to do this. Engineering research, a study of the Adam Smith's study of the Industrial Revolution in Lancashire found that the improvements in spinning jennies and steam-driven machinery came not from experts, not from mathematicians, but it was mostly done by literate technicians who were improving the machines that they ran and understood from day to day, the mechanics. And this innovation was mechanic. New technology came from old technology, science had nothing to do with it. He showed if you study the history of technology, most of it, most new technologies were in this way. Science was funded by a diversity of bodies and was quite diverse. On the continent in Germany and France where they had centrally state controlled policies in the 19th century, the universities were funded by the state and there was a ministry of science and they had central institutes. It was highly professionalised and institutionalised with professors with great power. In Britain science in universities and now after the Second World War the biggest change happened after the Second World War when people like Van Amar Bush got the idea of a military industrial complex with big science huge government funding for defence research which linked in the universities to a huge government funded programme of research and then with the National Science Foundation this model was extended to medicine but the primary one was the military research budget billions and dollars driving research in laboratories Los Alamos Lawrence Livermore and so forth all around the United States and in the major contracts with universities then you have a centralised system of science funding through we have it in Britain through research councils central government research councils which define spending for engineering research sociology research medical research who gets the grants and these are run by small committees of professors and expats you know people like Edward Teller were on these committees and they decide the science funding the structure of what's permitted and funded through the whole system this imposes a kind of monopoly control a kind of uniformity of thought which is the enemy of deviant thinking that doesn't fit within that system however well or badly the lines are drawn you can't do anything that's not within the central the only answer to this he suggests because he's an Adam Smith follower is not to follow Bacon's idea which is Francis Bacon's vision of central government spending an academy of scientists state owned like a sort of state priesthood of scientists and then they think of new ideas which then go to the mechanics to turn into new technologies and science fuels this progress he shows that in fact technology fuels technology science hasn't got that much to do with it if you look at different science spending in different advanced countries pure science as such has not that much to do with it but the pure science people have to do it on the centralised funding programme in accordance with defence aims the war against cancer AIDS you know all the great agendas set by centralised science molecular biology and biotechnology now taking over the life sciences the only answer in practice is a free market answer whether you abolish or greatly reduce central government spending science is then paid for in accordance with enough lobby any interest group that's got enough lobbying power would vie for it there's a huge organic consuming community they'd lobby for money to be spent on organic farming research and at the present it gets practically nothing because it's not part of a central agricultural research programme geared towards Monsanto chemicals and so forth so if you in fact this central monopolistic legacy of the Baconian heritage which is really what he was the Lord Chancellor of England it's an old style monarchical church and state top down hierarchical structure run by a small elite accountable to nobody who's these priorities were set by popular opinion pet research would be top of the biological agenda not the sequencing of more proteins the cloning of more sheep to help the biotechnology industry but instead pet research isn't even on the agenda so it's set by a small elite who bear no relation in their interest to the voters in a democracy who actually provide the money but on the other hand you would have then the astronomical budget would be entirely spent looking for UFOs no it wouldn't because if you had you would give you'd have some kind of funding agency which would get matching grants to organizations if a new fair organization applies for a grant for UFO research you'd have a sort of advanced funding agency which could fund this country if you had a central funding agency it would be either have many more subdivisions or sub-offices or would have a great deal more less hierarchical structure it would be done on a regional basis a state basis anything to allow for quirkiness and deviation and multiplicity of decision making but all of these would be answerable if you got a grant for your UFO project for five years you've got $50,000 a year for five years or something at the end of the five years you submit a report and this is published in scientific journals which are open to this kind of thing like the Journal of Scientific Exploration it will publish scientific papers on the face on Mars but anyone can write in and say why they think this isn't good enough evidence and the debates there in the journal and you can see both scientists they do this they've done the face on Mars then the new evidence someone publishes a new picture the new evidence the face on Mars and the person who wrote the original can write a reply but for most people a kind of new consensus we've developed that there isn't much in it well one of the things I've noticed in talking to people about these problems is that pseudoscience is very difficult for most people to discern in other words if you dig into the face on Mars problem you'll find all kinds of articles with pretentious titles higher dimensional reconstructions of the data so that before the spacecraft arrived we supposedly had terrain models of what it was going to see based on extrapolation of the early data and inevitably these people are all PhDs and they use these technical languages very adroitly so you know along with the idea that there should be some kind continuity and I agreed diversifying the hierarchical spending patterns would help the other thing is there needs to be some way of and this has never been done in science because I guess it was never necessary because the collegial atmosphere was self policing but there should be a way of looking at the messenger I'm not very keen on your messenger point because it leads to ad hominem arguments you see the classic thing you should avoid in proper rational discourse traditionally is ad hominem arguments attacking the messenger and not the message and ad hominem attacks where people who say things that you don't like they can be destroyed by smear campaigns like Randy trying to smear Geller or Geller hitting back by saying Randy is a pederast and a pedophile and a totally dishonest and disreputable character pervert and so on and this kind of ad hominem argument is all too common in practice when Randy attacks Geller on the ad hominem grounds look at the messenger a guy who did cheap music hall acts in Israel and stuff and then comes he's just a showman he hits back you see but that's where you get with ad hominem arguments you get Geller and Randy is supposed to be a rationalist well it's a problem I mean I would like to know these things about someone I was debating but I agree with you it's not a valid point to bring forward but if for example you're dealing with the supposed guru but you know that he's done time for fraud embezzlement and auto theft I think that in a debate about his theology that would not be proper to bring forward but on the other hand you certainly would want to know that yes but it is a venue you get the kind of the worst kind of prairie and popular press ad hominem attack where anyone in public life immediately they're going to find out if they've got mistresses or legitimate children and blaze the stuff all over the papers that means that people in public life politicians and so on the slightest sexual affair etc now becomes enormous I mean Clinton no one outside America can believe this fascination with whether or not there's no fascination 72% of the people would like to get on with it you see it's a slow moving coup d'etat driven by religious maniacs of the external I don't think it's a religious mania I think there's some kind of this kind of ad hominem business it's the stuff of popular TV the press etc there's too much of it in the modern world would mean you don't believe that's capable I think I mean the monopolistic control of the financing of scientific research worldwide is bad and it's important and so on nevertheless the National Science Foundation does rely on the judgment of these peer reviewers and group of experts and so on finally is there opinions that direct the flow of money and that would also be true if there was no central control and had every industry financing its own research actually there is that you get more opinions in the cat food industry there are two or three companies that are outstanding for their research on the dietary needs of cats and dogs and they do this research industry model it still exists to a degree and even in those companies there is a group of people who are deciding how to spend their money and maybe they are influenced by the criminal records of some of the researchers and so on but finally it is the opinion of any even a person in the street with a dollar to give to the Martin Times or something it is a question of opinion and that is where Ludwig Fleck comes in the sociology of science these journals are important what you can publish that is why we do not like censorship people should at least be able to voice their theory about the face on Mars or whatever the pattern and so on so it is I think very important who can publish and not publish in magazines like Magical Blunt and even if we aren't on committees of the National Science Foundation if we do speak and give opinions about these magazines and so on then we are affecting their editorial policies how do they decide whether to publish or not the hope that there is some measuring stick of truth that you could be clear-headed like to use like Aristotelian's logic or something you want to be clear-headed it's very hard to distinguish we do not have a science as a matter of fact that allows us to distinguish one theory versus another Occam's razor or any other way we don't have finally we're going to use our intuition and we may take into account arguments ad hominem while doing so secretly of course and while saying the opposite we nevertheless consider the gender and so on so I don't this is what's worried me about things like crop circles the pattern and so on I do not stand up and speak against them because I do not trust my own bias against them it could be true a face on Mars could be discovered a channel containing a quartz crystal watch could be found under the left paw of the sphinx I mean I'm not sure that these claims are not true I think they're not very simple there's some things that aren't interesting I don't care if there's a face on Mars or not I do think the age of the chopped pyramid is kind of an interesting question because the whole skeleton of history Newton wrote a book called the chronology of ancient kingdoms amended to be getting the chronology of the Old Testament into the proper order and so on well I think we're all interested in these things the thing is not to be led astray by people who have for whatever reason a different notion of evidence a different notion of truth than we do well the medical profession I think that you know it's based on good science and so on now I believe in vitamin C I don't believe in it but I have I take vitamin C I took some today ten years ago my doctor the best doctor convergence of opinion enough consensus really that he could have faith in and among the people who are to question authority that's something that is making the conversation difficult and it has to do I'm sorry to have to cut this off right here but we're already a little over the one hour time limit I try to impose on these podcasts and as I mentioned in the beginning of this program I'm going to keep my own comments to a minimum and get the rest of this trial log out to you in the next couple of days there are only about 30 minutes or so left in this conversation about skepticism but there are several comments from our fellow salonners that I think are important and I don't want to just squeeze them in in a hurry here so I'll get to those comments and the rest of this trial log and I'll get them out in a separate podcast as soon as I can in the time I have left however I do want to thank our fellow salonners Terry, Corey, Patricia and Adam all of whom sent in donation in the past couple of weeks it's incredibly wonderful of you all to do that and I want you to know that your gifts will reach a lot of people because they're going to be used 100% in support of these podcasts so many thousands of fellow salonners the world over also thank you for your support of the psychedelic salon without you guys and the others who have sent in donations to help with equipment and hosting expenses I might have given up doing this a long time ago but the fact that so many of you feel so strongly about these podcasts that you send some of your hard earned cash this way well it brings tears to my eyes to know that you care that much it really does and I'm also talking about all of you who have told your friends about these podcasts too you know each each week hundreds of new you listeners join us it's quite amazing really to see how much interest there is in the area of consciousness expansion i don't know where we're going with these podcasts but i do know that it's a very enjoyable ride at least for me and so thank all of you for your kind words and support and in particular thank you again terry cory patricia and adam who are among the salon's staunchest supporters it's good to know you're here with us in cyberdelic space and as always before i go i should mention that this and all of the podcasts from the psychedelic salon are protected under the creative commons attribution non-commercial share alike 2.5 license if you have any questions about that you can click on the creative commons link at the bottom of the psychedelic salon web page which you can find at matrixmasters.com slash podcasts and if you still have any questions about that or anything else just send them to lorenzo at matrixmasters.com thanks again to my good friends jacques cordell and wells who collectively go by the name chatul hayuk for letting us hear your music here in the salon and thanks again to ralph abraham not only for participating in these amazing conversations but who also provided the recordings for me to use in these podcasts and thank you again to bruce damer who not only made the arrangements for the use of ralph's tapes but uh who also stayed up with me for several nights as we digitized them so uh hey thanks again bruce and for now this is lorenzo signing off from cyberdelic space i'll be back with you soon but uh until then be well my friends greetings from cyberdelic space this is lorenzo and i'm your host here in the psychedelic salon well i hope you haven't given up on me getting a podcast out this week and to be perfectly honest i didn't think i'd get this one out myself i've been kind of under the weather so to speak ever since hosting my last program and once the pain and agony part was over i was left with practically no energy and i've been kind of lethargic these past few days so when i finally fired up my computer and logged into the net this morning it wasn't with the expectation that i'd get a podcast out today but then i checked my email and i had a whole bunch of wonderful emails from some of our fellow saloners waiting for me and on top of that i discovered that several of you have very generously made donations to keep these podcasts coming and so now i'm fired up once again and i'll keep them coming so my thanks go out to all of you who have written and especially to janice gate creative james h jason h john m michael better known as a dime short william r and bailey otherwise known as beaded bohemian and i also want to thank yarov i hope i'm pronouncing your name correctly yarov uh sent a donation last february and while i thanked him in an email i don't think i remembered to mention him in one of the programs sorry about that yarov i very much appreciate your support in fact the generosity of all of you touches me deeply so much in fact that you have succeeded in restoring my energy to the point where i once again feel like coming back here to the salon to be with so many of my good friends i guess one of my motivational issues is that there's so much to talk about regarding some of the comments our fellow saloners have sent in that i just kind of keep putting off recording this week's program until i feel more like talking for a while so i'm going to get back up to speed and stages and by that i mean i'm right now going to take the easy route and play the second tape from the june 8th trialogue with terence mckenna ralph abraham and rupert sheldrake the tape runs about an hour and 20 minutes but i'm only going to play part of it right now and then i'll finish it off in a shorter supplemental podcast in a few days where hopefully i'll quit procrastinating and also read some of the interesting emails i've been receiving so let's get to it and join the merry trialoggers in yet another of their famous conversations monday june 8 1998 jewish in the afternoon trialogue number two okay family fields i'm interested as you know in the fields of social groups flocks of birds schools of fish and packs of wolves groups of human beings and i think all of these have morphic fields and i think that the morphic fields underlying schools of fish flocks of birds insect colonies help organize the movements of the different animals within them and the ones in packs of wolves enable them to keep in contact with each other over many miles i think these fields underlie the telepathic bonds between wolf and wolf or between separated animals and other separated animals and the same things apply in the human realm telepathy mainly occurs in the human realm between mothers and daughters sons parents children close friends lovers and the great majority of spontaneous telepathic cases do not involve guessing xeno cards in darkened rooms but rather feeling of a sense of emergency by a mother she calls home and the child's had an accident someone feeling a sudden disturbance and suddenly flash about somebody feeling they're in great distress or some sense of alarm it turns out they've died this kind of thing this is true of dogs and cats too it's mostly to do with these sorts of feelings that telepathy's involved emergencies alarms and so forth rather than with the transfer of visual information for its own sake anyway these fields i think underlie all social groups and in the dog and owner thing i'm looking at the fields between pets and their owners but when we look at human families these fields should also be at work in the human family to be a classic example of a social field in chimpanzee groups in horse groups these live as family groups usually and female with children and an associated male sometimes young males they're free of the social group in many species they do but they're very often family based groups horse groups usually no more than about five in wild and feral horses and wolf packs are usually female with her clumps and a male and then some sort of grown up more grown up wolves but in their family groups and so in human family groups we'd expect the same kind of morphic field now this is rather a general and abstract kind of consideration uh but it would mean that family fields with their morphic fields would have a kind of memory from the families that contributed to them the father and mother's families of origin would come together in a family you'd have the the husband and wife the father and mother they you've got a fusion of always a fusion of family fields coming together into a given family one with their histories and patterns and in fact a whole science or therapy or practice of family fields has been worked out in recent years in germany by what i think the most interesting therapeutic um person i've come across for a long time uh bert hellinger have you heard of hellinger no h-e-l-l-i-n-g-e-r hellinger's work is extremely well known in germany and has a large influence and there's a great deal of interest in his work he has people following his methods and so on hellinger used to be a benedictine he then went or perhaps as a benedictine went to africa where he spent a long time living with the zulu and although he says this isn't the direct influence on his therapy the sense of the ancestral connection that the zulu have the more traditional people have the role of the ancestors is a major part of his therapy anyway he does he i've been to one of his things in london and i'm meeting him again soon and i've become quite friendly with him and his followers because the main theory they use to try and understand what's going on in these family fields is morphogenetic fields morphic fields they think the different theories or models they think he's a therapist of human families yes human families um that they think this is the most appropriate kind of model you need a field that links the members of the group together and there has to be a kind of memory in it that's what they want and that's what their family fields are and morphic fields are that i mean there may be other fields that could perhaps give the same effect but anyway so that's why i i was interested in their work and and their interests in mind and i have been to that and i've been very impressed by and telling this work how it works is that you have somebody comes and they present their problem they tell handling it this is done in a group with a lot of people in the kind of audience and they say what their problem is and what why they're upset or disturbed or something and then he asked them to constellate their family field and what that means is that they he asked them your mother your father how many brothers and sisters and so forth then he says now please pick anyone to be your mother and they pick someone from your names pick anyone to be your father they pick them your brothers and so on but the members of their primary family and their family of origin and then he asked them to arrange them in order put place them and when they play on the stage sitting in chairs and sort of tableau and stand on this is like a tableau yes and when they do that you get the most interesting things you see how some people are placed close to each other facing each other some are placed on the periphery sort of facing away from the rest of the family and these people can make models each one is completely different and quite surprising these models i saw two or three days of this and a whole series of different family models and you see these extraordinary patterns uh which immediately for the person there this is their best representation of the the family field from the family they come from but when you see this there's a whole gestalt like a snapshot of a system of relationship who's close together who's further away who's facing who who's related to whom and um sometimes this is so obviously sort of dispersed and not in relationship but then the question is how did if that one's right out there facing their back to the rest you know what's happened why are they there not sort of closer to the others and what dynamics are involved in this whole family group and in order to understand that he often has to go to the family of origin as the father or the mother in the family field so then he'd ask the person to constellate the father's family field for example and then you know there's they pick someone to be the father and then if the father had two three brothers the brothers and the father parent and they have to put them where they were they and sometimes they don't know that well so they have to guess but they constate this field and it often turns out that the pattern in that first family field and mirrored in the second one you can see you can just see it in front of you you know similar patterns uh it sometimes happens that something extraordinary happened in the first field say for example an uncle drowned as a as a boy you know a 10 year old boy in that family was killed drowned in a pond and then they have they often leave them out and then he then says was there anybody in this family that died as a child or that died at birth quite often they say yes he says find someone put them in and very often the whole imbalance in the field is rectified when the missing member is put in even if it's say somebody committed suicide or a child that died in infancy in a previous family field unacknowledged members of the group cause grave distortions to the system and his method by putting them in creates a whole field so that can be rearranged he then rearranges these fields by so what would happen if sensei was brought in he asked the person bring them into there bring them into there and then in the father's field uh ask them to acknowledge the child that died and put them in and then the child they they say we acknowledge you the people actually say we acknowledge you and then they put the child that died in the right order of children right in their place between the first born the second born the third born because the order of birth has a huge impact on these fields and the number of siblings so here you have a system practically used by hellinger and his followers a fascinating thing and when you see these missing members in the field constitution then that the family of origin of the person that field is sort of readjusted to see a whole field pattern and their role within the field pattern is incredibly therapeutic and releasing for a lot of people they see that a lot of problems they thought were just their problems are actually their relations to this whole field of interaction in the family so they take seriously a field model of this process and with these sort of tableau representations one can see this and so that made me think whatever the merits or demerits of having a system which I think is very interesting apparently very effective the idea of making models of family fields seems to me something that one could address in a more general sense because there would be certain patterns of dynamics you'd expect if you have a family consisting of mother father and then one child the simplest one is two three four five what kinds of flows of energies some of this would be kind of common sense in eldest children and in relation to second children most people have had two children say that the oldest ones were more trouble as babies how to deal with the younger ones somehow much easier to get on there but then you get this kind of rivalries going up sibling rivalries and so on then families more complex family fields where you have stepfathers or stepbrothers stepbrothers and sisters then you get on his stage that you get these very complicated family fields and what happens in those in real life those are common nowadays so one could make certain models of these fields one could also see how the balance the balance of energies if you have a field model like this you take someone who's in the model move them further away in whatever space he models in and turn them to face out from the rest of the family what kind of dynamics happens there with the rest of them what happens to them in any group into which they enter some of any new family they form how what effect does this have one could perhaps model this kind of thing so i wanted to suggest that maybe it's possible to make this family field thing more scientific investigate it further make models and in some way perhaps come up with tests or empirical studies that could further the science or investigation of family fields well that certainly sounds very interesting i'm not sure i understand to what degree the use of the word field is justified here and uh do do they think of uh like an extended spatial field like the gravitational field or something is associated with with the family and the individuals have a field like vibrating aura or something or does it just mean the field in a general sense that could be described uh let us say just by giving for any two individuals in the family some strength of the connection plus or minus or something that would be represented in the tableau when the actors are placed on the stage uh by the geographical distance to them or something so that bringing one member in closer would correspond in this model to just strengthening the community the bandwidth of the communication channel or the positivity of the regard or some other like simple parameter that would be a more of a connectionist model with like a um undirected graph with nodes and links and so on is it like links between the people could be just represented by a number or would it be essential in order to understand the experiences of helmer to actually have a kind of extended three-dimensional spatial field around each individual that has memory and so on well maybe a connectionist thing with nodes would be an adequate model but then you could say that what can the connections the nodes you could just sort of draw a line around the whole thing say this was a set of connections or something which would be perhaps just a different way of trying to model the field um you see the connections in so far as you draw it say there's a connection a b and it has a given strength you're presupposing an invisible bond between people that would work when the other person was in the next room at the very least and therefore you're proposing a bond which whose reality is not physical in the normal sense it may be mental emotional uh psychic i mean whatever word you choose but it's not sort of smell touch hearing i mean those are involved if you're in the same room and so the really advantage of the field model is it frees you up from thinking that the connections must be normal face-to-face communication but then they can still exist even if you're apart i see so the the family field of the flock the school and so on is this kind of a extrapolation backwards of psychic pets into more of the psychic bonds in the wild well i think that the bonds even between them for the family you know when people go away and they're that they they want like me i mean i'm attached to my family so from here i fear the strong need to ring up my children to speak to me as they go into bed even though i'm six thousand miles away that bond is a straight strong bond for me and so and for most people if they're nearest these bonds are not severed by getting on an airplane so whatever model you have is the connections the connections have to be of such a nature that they still persist well i'm suggesting to whatever the model is to have the same model as the model we have for the psychic pets because ethologists which is a therapist like the animal equivalent of hellinger that analyze cats for example they describe the relationship of the cat to the owner person as a form of the relation of the cat to the cat's mother that's been replaced the cats even as they age regardless of themselves as kittens as it were with the owner as the mother cat the way they play and rub against you and so on are derived behaviors from what um the cat version of hellinger would describe as the family field on the cat yes level and and therefore if we are as we have been uh been thinking about mathematical models for the the field uh that describes the attachment of the cat and owner when we would be tempted to use the same model for the family field in the human family for example or flutter sheep and so on and that would be then uh some kind of well telepathy is the word i think or a non-specific uh communication channel between the people or animals at a distance yes although telepathic communications wouldn't need to be passing between the tools and maybe a connectionist model would be fine yeah as long as you leave open the nature of the connection so that the connection is it doesn't have to be presupposed to depend on normal sensory communication you probably didn't know in a in a neural net if you took one and it was capable of say parsing natural speech or something and then you took one of the nodes out or broke one of the connections and wouldn't be able to do that anymore so this uh the connectionist model might be adequate for uh modeling this having a strategy of bringing in the missing sibling or something replacing the node and the connections which make a functional unit yes or what happened what would have happened as well before the sibling died the family field had a different structure because it included that sibling if the that the death of the sibling changes the field but his point is unless it's acknowledged and unless in some sense the ancestors are acknowledged and unless the dead siblings acknowledged and recognized within the field their presence within the field is recognized their unrecognized presence can cause terrible distances so some used to recognizing a kind of virtual node in the field let's see how that would be i don't know how to model that how could that be important that what is what is this recognition consist of so you are a fish okay now you recognize you as a fish is it would they're coupled oscillators and the family thing works because people really are complex chemical systems with genetic affinities you could even suppose a kind of physical mechanism they are coupled oscillators that impart their waveform to the local space which encounters the waveforms of these other oscillators which are very similar to them physically more similar to them than any other person or thing and so there's a kind of entrainment often the things are these feeling toned something has happened to someone or i should call it something so it indicates they are like coupled oscillators so the recognition the non-recognition means well the oscillators are coupled and therefore this one is and then it's not understood because you're not aware of my father's sister carrie died when he was young so she was never even a person she was not real if i had um interactions with a place in some structure or say our family field where she belonged but i didn't acknowledge it then i would always be confused about what's going on in my life something like that yes because the whole structure of the family field is you see that if it had or you see there's a kind of memory in these fields and so that the fields and the dynamics of the field are influenced by the memory oh i see it yes of the person who was there but no longer there and so the memory is actually working in the dynamics of the field because all these fields have this kind of memory but if you don't recognize it so you don't understand what's really going on in the interactions and you're always in the dark as to why certain puzzling conflicts or whatever or suicides there are cases where amazing cases where you get members of families young people commit suicide in a way that mimics the unacknowledged death of an ancestor like suicide by drowning when an ancestor of one or two generations before has committed suicide by joining but they've never been told about it because it's never acknowledged and you get these extraordinary patterns that repeat sometimes literal ones like that other times sort of morphed ones maybe we have to think of um different models for the same thing so that there'd be a model like a connectionist diagram of a family as it were and then there's another drawing for the family as i see it and that if i haven't acknowledged my aunt kerry then in my model of the family there's nothing there that's right uh but in this other model of actual interactions so it is there maybe you need a a directive graph where the channel between you and me for example would have two lines one going that way as when i speak or send you a message and another one going this way yes they'd have to do the connections would have to have sort of directed both directions so there could be in the case of a family member who's not acknowledged that there's a directed line from that one to me because i'm receiving but not knowing yes and then i'm sending nothing back because i'm not acknowledging yes so that the acknowledgement of a missing family member would just consist of the addition into the model of one link that's right that would be enough and in his in his therapeutic workshop where he does this for the family and the whole therapy of the particular person they last half an hour three quarters of a mile with constellating these fields and then in these things he he asked the person to come say that the members of the family have there's somebody representing them you see in the family field there's somebody standing in for themselves they're sitting outside it with him oh so say that it was your family field you choose someone to represent you oh i see so there'd be ralph in there and so you're sitting back telling you now see ralph in relation to us from outside and then you see how it's remodeling it's remodeling yes and then you see the other ones and he readjusts the field and puts in the absent members and then he asked the members actually standing there to acknowledge the unacknowledged ones or whatever and then he asked you to go and stand in the position of ralph in this remodeled field and turn to the unacknowledged one and say you were my aunt i acknowledge you and turn to the others and so on and experience that new constellation from within and this has a dramatically dramatically changing effect on family fields it brings them to consciousness it recognizes these things and the acknowledgement is done and it changes them so any model of the fields you see would have meaning the kind of thing you were saying is to apply you turn the model of the field so as you have a map of it's perceived today and if you're able to bring about the remodel or at least bring your model of the field into much more into place connection with what the field actually is or was then this has a therapeutic effect this is the opposite of institutional therapy where people go into a corporation for example which has um an actual structure and then the directors have the model and instead of changing the model fit of actuality they change the actuality to fit the model yes but they're in a company where you've got you can actually have a more board model of flow diagram i mean it's sort of artificial organizations but family organizations um although there's a kind of archetypal model like the nuclear family model or something like that although there are sort of idealized models socially approved and recognized each family is different and which is different in its own way to paraphrase Tolstoy every happy family is the same but every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way um so there's a sense out of shape as it were yes the field is somehow distorted or whatever so his his um model any model were made would have to take into account those two things so it's a question of how far can one just say well this is an interesting therapy it's just one among many and it's just this is its particular trip but how far can one take says the idea that family dynamics are not an arbitrary invention of having there an obvious reality and we don't have adequate models for these family systems nor the influence of ancestors within them which my interest in morfitt resonance makes me very keen on the fact that there must be this historical memory habit dimension well then the network can be extended indefinitely it's simply that people outside the family but in the neighborhood uh or in the past are weekly coupled important teachers in primary school yes things like that sort of thing they're weakly coupled yes yes and then you can have you can have the way that a given you could then extend this arnold mendel is the person who's pioneered this model in different in non-family groups are you familiar with this one i am you know arnold mendel but in his book the year one he talks about the modeling of social groups how you have a social group and that each social group is a kind of organism and therefore there'll be different roles taken up by different people within the group and in lots of groups for example there will tend to be somebody who's a grumbler or a complainer and who sort of focuses and vocalizes the sort of grumble takes on the role of of making complaints which other people you and the group might be too shy or too restrained to make, but somehow they haven't made. And then they can also project onto the grumbler a kind of negativity or hostility. This is a dynamic that happens within groups. And quite often, if one grumbler leaves the group or is expelled, someone else has to take on that role of being a grumbler. So he has a kind of field theory, what I'd call a field. I don't know if he calls it a field theory, but I'd call it a field theory of groups, which is less interesting than Hellinger's in the sense that Hellinger has this family dimension, this time dimension, with innumerable examples. He has hundreds of videos of his doing this with different family groups. You can see one after another of these groups before your eyes in video. They're very interesting. But Mendel is a more abstract theory based on him working with groups in therapy sessions or in town meetings or workshops. We've got 30 people for a few days. It doesn't have the same kind of historical depth, but it's still dealing with the same kind of Greek model. Well, the idea of memory, then, Hellinger's interest in memory in the field concept has to do with having the ancestors in the tableau. Is that right? Yes. Well, how do you understand the influence of an acknowledged or unacknowledged ancestor generation or two back on this part of the family unit that consists of the currently living members? How do you understand that? If it was, say, two generations back, you've never met them? What's the difference? How do you understand it? Well, because, say, when you have a partner, you get married or not married, it's the case may be, you have children. You then have a family field. And assuming the parents are together, your expectations of the way you've behaved your children, no one's ever trained you how to raise children. You've never mentioned at school. So, how do you know how to treat your kids? Well, the only model you've got is either looking at friends doing this, or the one that runs deepest for you is what happened in your own family. And so, you bring to the situation a kind of memory of the whole dynamics of your family of origin. And the same goes for your wife or your partner or the mother of the children. She brings to it the dynamics from her whole family of origin. You then, you and she then have different expectations of how the family is going to work. Because you've got two different kind of fields. And she may expect quite different things of you and of the way you treat the children and of the kids than you expect of her and of the kids. And this can either lead to some kind of compromise. In fact, over time, somehow it has to accommodate in some way. But it can also lead to a lot of conflicts. They're different models and expectations. So, you bring these fields with you as it were unconsciously because they're the fields in which you were in that group there with the sort of field pattern. You're now in a new family group. And you helped. You bring that field pattern in and it sort of fuses with that of your partner. But that's the only thing. You can learn from other models. You can know other families. You can live with other groups. So, basically, you bring it with you. So, then, do you think cross-cultural marriages are more fraught than marriages within class and cultural domains? Well, that would be an empirical question. You know, one would predict that there would be certain kinds of problems. Say you take marriages between English people and Indians or Pakistanis. Then, you could do a model, the Hellinger-type model of the Indian family field. You know, you could interview Indians, look at Indian family structures. They'd probably have quite different sort of expectations and field patterns from the people from nuclear families growing up in suburbs in England or America. And, if that's the case, you could actually predict what would happen when you put these two, what kinds of conflicts are likely to result, what kinds of expectations the man and woman from these different kinds of backgrounds are going to have within this. And, you could talk to people who deal in marriage counselling with mixed marriages and see whether these are, indeed, the kinds of recurrent problems they encounter. So, you could, by talking to sociologists, social workers, and people who actually deal with dysfunctional families of various kinds, or functional families, you could, this would be an empirical study on family dynamics from different backgrounds. So, you could actually approach it all. You could make models and you could actually test them because there's all different kinds of families and fields coming together. So, I think the model, then, of the family field would have to consist of more than the nodes and the connections and so on. The creation of the tableau with the patient with the director includes not only where the actors are standing but also which direction they're facing. Yes. And, maybe their posture or any kind of body language representation, facial expression, things like that. Yes. Well, it doesn't usually, it can involve posture. Because when we think of animal behaviour in the sense of how you raise your children and so on, there are many, many attributes of a node, an individual member of the family and their attitude of servitude or their willingness to sacrifice, compromise and all these things that we know varies from culture to culture and so on. They're called the roles of the division of labour of the mother and father and so on. The father drives the other species of birds away from the nest and so on. So, some kind of modelling or even simple representation of these behaviours would have to be attached otherwise the model would be too simple to really indicate the difference between different generations and people from different families coming from different family groups marrying and so on. Yes, well, it might help. The geometry wouldn't be enough. Well, it might help in starting these models with different species of birds, for example, where you've got more standardised patterns and where you can actually observe what happens because there is a division of labour with birds and say a gander will defend the nest of the goose and young. Some birds play it in cuckoos do it a totally different way, of course, baby cuckoos like a pathology in the nest of other birds. So, there are all different patterns among birds in the division of labour but they're fairly consistent within the species. So, if one had a model that would work for these, the family fields are more complicated. Human family situations are far more complicated than those of many animals and the beauty of looking at bird families is that you could have 20, 30 different kinds of behaviour already documented by naturalists the family life of different birds the number of little birds they have the way they teach and fly whether they have social groups or not like flocks some birds have flocks some don't there'd be a lot of scope anyone who could come up with a good model would have a large amount of natural history at their feet as territory to explore with this modelling technique because right now the kinds of models that ethologists have of groups are not terrible well their focus has been distorted by the Richard Dawkins type people where it's all the selfish genes and it's seen as individual competition and struggle and maybe that perspective has something to offer to this modelling process but it hasn't led to any kind of emphasis or attempts to model the dynamics of these groups very effectively the other thing you have to take into consideration is a family is an organism evolving through time the arrangement the tableau is a snapshot in time it also I mean one could assume it's the patient or the client's relationship to their family at the present moment but on the other hand if you're going to bring in ancestors is the is the ancestor influencing the field as a child as a middle-aged person as an elderly person did their influence on the field change through time and then there seems to be sort of a dichotomy there's a static now but it's being modified by a shifting past as these ancestors exert differing influences on the situation depending on where in their own life history they are yes and in in some tribal cultures like the Sura in India this is the kind of thing ancestors made the role of the ancestors actually been documented by anthropologists there's a whole body of anthropological data here there's the Sura where my friend Piers Vitebsky was an anthropologist and I visited him in the field in Bihar no in Orissa in Karakut district of Orissa he was living in the Sura village he was living with the Shema and they had a whole very complicated doctrine about what happened to you when you died say you died by suicide you went to the sun if you died of smallpox you went to a kind of leopard spirit and there were so there were different groups and the ancestors who died of that all went to the same place so you were with them and you wanted to get the living into your group when they died rather than someone else because you wanted to be with them so you were always competing death spirits different modes of death containing ancestors competing for the living and the best way to deal with this is to make peace with them and to make offerings every year there's these buffalo sacrifices for the ancestors so if you give blood and appease the ancestors then they'll be happier and they won't feel so medium they're not going to try and grab you so much so you buy them off but after two or three generations their individual identity their names begin to fade and they're sort of liberated over time from that sort of obsessive thing until the souls are sort of set free at which time they become butterflies so when you see butterflies flying around you in the forest from the village these are the liberated souls of distant ancestors whose influence is no longer particularly important in this whole economy of death and recruitment well this is the memory model for the conspiracy theorists yes except that there's lots of different it is like a competing it's not so much conspiracy well there are sort of competing conspiracies yes and there are certain stones you can trip over in the forest there are certain ones that catch people who stumble and make you stumble in the forest but you have to be on good terms with the ancestors and what being on good terms with them above all means acknowledging it means in a sacrifice of blood that you name and acknowledge the key ancestors you acknowledge all the dead in your lineage and if you miss anyone up they're going to be angry and if they're angry that means trouble so this is their cosmology and the way they see it and each tribe each group has its own theory of the ancestors the Japanese and Chinese especially the Chinese have an elaborate sense of the world importance of the ancestors with all these offerings they make of paper houses and what not and I think one if one were looking at this empirically in the human realm maybe one would perhaps have models for different species of birds but coming back to the human realm to compare the dynamics which you could do partly from anthropology and partly from modern sociology of say Chinese families typical Chinese families where there's a high degree of acknowledgement of the ancestors with modern American families or western families fragmented dissociated chaotic where there's a very low degree of acknowledgement of the ancestors and see what kinds of patterns occur there and then you could look at Chinese Americans who may have abandoned all the ancestors worship thing and just assimilated to mainstream American society do they have particular qualities or do they just become like Americans they stumble a lot they must because a lot of angry ancestors were accustomed to a great real well you'd expect that you see but maybe they go on acknowledging them a lot of the Chinese are very traditional so you know there's a whole field of research here the role of the ancestors because every culture has its own way of dealing with them and its own way of acknowledging them and in the Christian tradition the festival of all Hallows and all Souls Halloween is the eve of all Hallows November the 1st and all Souls day November the 2nd is when requiem masses are offered for all the dead all the departed in which you can particularly hand in the names of particular ancestors or the particular people don't have their names read out of the requiem mass so I do this myself so there's an acknowledged social form in our culture for acknowledging and naming the ancestors in a traditional ceremony so there are great variations in our own culture between the degree to which people within different families and traditions acknowledge the ancestors the Roman Catholics do it more than the Protestants because of this phenomenon of requiem masses and the observance of all Souls day which Protestants don't observe so it's a rich field for investigation you see in sociology anthropology multi-building etc but as yet more or less unexplored do you think these ideas could be extrapolated to non-human families with any degree of that you would learn anything useful yes it would have to be exactly the same perhaps simpler like bird families maybe all the behaviors that we could quantify are ones that mythologists had been traditionally observing and they might have missed a lot of things like the role of the ancestors among birds I don't think they ever noticed was the ancestor acknowledge are there any bird families with three generations and I guess you could ask what is a family does an insect come have a family well termite certainly does on the social scale yes but for instance well the social group it wouldn't have to be a family whatever group that you can observe that you observe a school of fish you might not know the ancestry of the kinship diagram but if you could quantify the observables whatever ethologists observe about birds the gander is aggressive and attacks other birds so that would be a number from one to ten of aggression then the mother nourishes by going getting food treated up spitting in their mouths and being nourished is another parameter so whatever the ethologists observe more or less defines the model that they have of bird groups or families and likewise whatever species have been observed i don't think there is any mathematical modeling effort that's been going on among ethologists or anthropologists for that matter but really this theory is saying that it's genetic similarity that engages on the strength of the bond or it may or may not so twins would then be in a special position well they are in a special position as traditionally acknowledged and revealed by modern twin research they are but genetic similarity is you see but the mother and the father the children have a genetic similarity to the mother and the father the mother and the father have no necessary genetic similarity and it's also possible for members of a pack of wolves you know groups and exogamy marrying to a group outside the familiar group is the rule rather than the exception so although you so that one at least one member of the group the father or the mother is going to have a different unrelated genetic nature so it's not a necessary feature of these bonds to have genetic similarity they may or may not have it and it may be they're stronger in the social insects where you've got all these casts of workers derived from the queen and sharing half the genes of their sisters with each other they have a great many genes in common yes this may give a kind of more telepathic type connection between them but I wouldn't put genetics as our key it's not going to help us much in this particular so can you imagine a strong link between a person and their great grandfather's second wife to whom they have other than that oh no if it's the second wife it would be relatively irrelevant and Hellinger if one was doing this modelling one would look at what he thinks it's the family of origin what would matter is the time when your great grandfather was born his family of origin it may later include when he's his father marrying again or something but it would be the origin field and these later ones have relatively small effect so you know they've already got their ideas about what weightings you'd give to these different people but the difference between birds and people is that the general pattern of a bird family is given instinctively it's by a morphic field I would say with such a deep and strong morphic resonance you've got a kind of basic pattern that the whole species lies within and if you have a deviant family subsequent ones would get morphic resonance from their own deviant family of origin but they'd also get resonance from sort of a huge runoff in creative family life now in the human world where there's no genetically determined family structure because it's cultural and a great little human cultural evolution is sort of decoupled from genetics it's the difference between Italian and English families and American families and stuff and families in New England and California is not particularly genetic it's cultural and the fact that families have changed through divorce etc etc over the last hundred years much smaller family sizes hundred years ago most of our ancestors would have had six seven siblings minded now you've got much smaller nuclear families higher rates of divorce it's changing so it's not genetic it's much too quick so genetics doesn't really help us much and that's why in the human realm the only model that you can rely on is not a genetically inherited model because we don't have that whereas animals do but there's the cultural experience in which you grew up and the cultural models around you so that's why I think that although one could have a certain class of models that would handle human families and bad families the human one is always going to be much more complicated much more complicated because you have to model the cultures as well so maybe birds are easier because they're monocultural in a sense but culture is also simpler but once a class of models had been built up in one field it would be a matter of extending it to the end wouldn't it yes that's why it would be easiest to start with the simplest models simplest cases and then easily extrapolate upward into human species and eventually to whales and so on is it a metaphor I hate to cut this off right here but my energy levels are running low and so I'm going to call it a day for now but I'll get the remaining part of this trialogue out as soon as I can hopefully in the next few days I haven't heard the end of this conversation yet myself but already Rupert has given me a lot to think about along the lines of family morphogenic fields in fact it may even open up a whole new line of dialogue between my cousins and myself at least I hope it will while I'm thinking of it I want to say something about the sound quality in some of these podcasts believe it or not I actually do edit the talks I play and in some cases I've even been successful in cleaning up the sound significantly but there are some instances like today's trialogue that were recorded with a hum in them and as hard as I tried I wasn't able to remove that hum without causing a little I decided the hum was less annoying than the voice changes and left it just as it was recorded I also know that there are among us here in the salon quite a few audio experts like Brian and John H and I sincerely appreciate your offers of help and that goes to all of you who have written to offer technical assistance my problem is that I've got kind of a tiger by the tail here and I don't want to let go until I fully understand my exit strategy the tiger of course is the psychedelic salon and to be honest I never really gave any thought to having much of an audience and so I figured it was a nice hobby that I could drop if I ever got tired of you writers out there know how easy it is to find something to do other than to do what you came here to do and I do realize that if I'm ever going to get back to work on my new book I'm going to have to figure a way to offload some of the back-end work involved in these podcasts and maintaining several websites so I've been working on a long-range plan to turn the salon into more of a community project which of course would allow us to bring in more of the work being done by many of our regulars here in the salon my reason for mentioning this right now is that I know some of you are getting frustrated at going here you know when I'm recording these podcasts I really do feel like I'm sitting there beside you and having a conversation and I don't want to do anything that will change that feeling for me because if this becomes a job or something I'm not wanting to do most of the time well then figure out how to continue growing our connections and exchanging ideas among the worldwide psychedelic community and sometime after this year's burning man festival where I hope to kick around some of these ideas in person with you I'll let all of you volunteers and potential volunteers know what I've come up with once we get back from the burn and we'll figure out how all of you can become more involved long term survival and that is the hope that comes from increasing our understanding of psychedelic substances well that's a little heavier note than I planned on ending on but I know that you're okay and hey be well my friend now before I go I want to mention as always that this and all of the podcasts from the psychedelic salon are protected under the creative commons attribution non-commercial share like 2.5 license and if you have suggestions about these podcasts well just send them to lorenzo at matrix masters dot com and thanks again to Jacques Cordell and Wells otherwise known as Chateau Hayuk for the use of your music here in the salon and a big thank you again to Janice Gate creative James Jason John M a dime short Yarev and William this one being here I really enjoy the time we spend together here each week and I know that you probably feel the same way so for now this is Lorenzo signing off from cyberdelic space be well my